英文基本义和引申义（英文写作同义词替代）

1 有利的(be beneficial to)

helpful、advantageous、favourable、conducive

在be adj to这些短语当中，to为介词，因此后面如果是动词，需要变成ing形式。如Exercise is beneficial to keeping in shape.不能写成了Exercise is beneficial to keep in shape.

①Cycling is highly beneficial to health and the environment.骑车非常有助于健康和环境。

②Exercise is helpful for controlling high blood pressure.运动有助于控制高血压。【helpful后面如果接动词，要用be helpful for/in doing，而不是be helpful to do sth】

③It may be advantageous for new workers to receive prior training.提前接受培训可能对新员工有帮助。【advantageous多指对人有利】【反义词：disadvantageous】

④a financial environment that is favorable to job creation有助于创造就业的金融环境。【反义词：unfavourable】

⑤Teachers need to create an atmosphere that is conducive to learning.老师需要创造一个有利于学习的氛围。【conducive指有助于某事发生】

2 有害的(harmful)

detrimental、damaging、hazardous

三个词均来源于名词“危害”：detriment、damage、hazard。

①Smoking is harmful to smokers and non-smokers alike.吸烟对吸烟者和非吸烟者都有害。

②Overexposure to sunlight can have a detrimental effect on the skin.晒太阳时间过长会危害皮肤。

③The new tax laws could be very damaging for small businesses.新的税法可能很不利于小型企业。

④These chemicals are hazardous to human health.这些化学物质对人体健康有害。【hazardous的程度要大于前面三个，多指对健康或安全的危害。】

3 与...相关(be related to)

be associated with、be linked to/with、be connected with/to、be tied to

这几个短语虽然是表示“与...相关”，但很多时候都带有原因关系。

①There are several risks associated with this approach.该方法有一些风险。

②High cholesterol is linked to an increased risk of heart attacks.高胆固醇会增加心脏病发作的风险。

③Interest rats are tied to the rate of inflation.利率与通货膨胀率相关。【be tied to还有与...挂钩的意思】

④problems connected with lack of exercise运动不足导致的问题

4 重要(important/significant)

crucial/vital、essential、matter/count、indispensable、be of adj importance/significance

crucial/vital/essential表示非常重要的，程度要大于important。

①Parents play a crucial role in preparing their children for adult life.父母在为孩子准备成人生活方面起着至关重要的作用。

②Skilful employees are vital to the success of any company.有技能的员工对任何公司的成功来说都极其重要。

③It is essential that all equipment is properly maintained.保证所有设备都合理维持很有必要。

④People need to realise that education matters/counts.人们需要意识到教育的重要性。【sth matters/counts相当于sth is important】

⑤Smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives.智能手机已经成为了我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。【indispensable: 必不可少的】

⑥Customer satisfaction is of paramount importance to a company.客户满意度对公司来说极其重要。

5 由...造成(be caused by)

result from、arise from、stem from

①We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.我们仍然在处理由过去犯的错误所导致的问题。

②Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.身体原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。

③High asset prices stem from low inflation and interest rates.高房价是由低通货膨胀率和利率造成的。