标点符号技巧图解（那些年学过的标点符号你真的用对了吗）

I. 撇号 APOSTROPHES

名词 撇号构成所有格

单数名词加撇号 s

The boy’s ball = The ball belonging to the boy 男孩的球

The dress’s buttons = The buttons on the dress 衣服的扣子

复数名词在s或者es（比如dress）后面加撇号

但是，如果复数名词不以s结尾(e.g. feet, children, geese)，那么加撇号 s

The boys’ ball = The ball belonging to the boys

The dresses’ buttons = The buttons on the dresses

The children’s game = The game the children are playing.

代词：没有撇号=所有格

It’s vs. Its

It’s = It is

Its = it的所有格形式

Its’/Its’s = 不存在

注意：当ACT考到“it’s vs. its”，答案基本上都是“its”，因为学生大多数都会在这上面犯错。

InCorrect: London is a city known for it’s (it is)many tourist attractions.

Correct: London is a city known for

its

many tourist attractions.

Incorrect: London is a popular tourist attraction; in fact,

its

among the most visited cities in the world.

Correct: London is a popular tourist attraction; in fact,

it’s

among the most visited cities in the world.

They’re vs. Their vs. There

They’re = they are

Their = they的所有格形式; its的复数形式

There = 一个地点

They’re

Correct: London and Paris are two of the most famous cities and Europe, and they’re (they are)known for having many tourist attractions.

Their

Correct: London and Paris, two of the most famous cities in Europe, are known for theirmany tourist attractions.

There

Correct: In the nineteenth century, Paris was considered the capital of the art world because so many famous painters lived and worked there.

Who’s vs. Whose

Who’s = Who is

Correct: Barbara McClintock is a scientist who’s (who is)best known for her discovery of “jumping” genes.

Whose = who的所有格

Correct: Barbara McClintock is a scientist whosediscovery of “jumping” genes helped earn her the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

注意：whose跟who不一样，除了指代人，还可以指代事物或地点

Correct: London is a city whosemany museums, palaces, and monuments make it a popular tourist destination.

II. 分号&句号 SEMICOLONS & PERIODS

分号 = 句号

它们被用在：

1. 两个完整句子之间

London is an old city; it has many new buildings.

2. 连接副词（比如 however、moreover）放在句首的句子之前

London is an old city; however, it has many new buildings.

London is an old city; therefore, it has buildings from many different eras.

重要提醒：考试时确保把句子读完。否则你可能注意不到句子里有两句话。

Incorrect: Barbara McClintock is a scientist whose discovery of “jumping” genes helped earn her the Nobel Prize in 1983, shewon the award in Physiology or Medicine.

Correct: Barbara McClintock is a scientist whose discovery of “jumping” genes helped earn her the

Nobel Prize. In 1983, she

won the award in Physiology or Medicine.

III. 逗号 COMMAS

逗号应该被用在：

1. 并列连词之前，连接两句话

并列连词有： FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Correct: London is a very old city, butsome parts of it are extremely modern.

Correct: London is a very old city,

and

it is very appealing to tourists as a result.

2. 从句在前，主句在后，连接主从句

从句：从属连词（because, when, until, unless, since, before, and after）引导的句子 ，不能单独成句。

Because I went home

After we returned from the movie

When we visited Chicago

主句可以放在从句前或从句后，形成一个完整句

以下粗体部分是从句

Correct: Because London is a very old city,it has buildings from many different eras.

Correct: London was founded around 50 A.D.

when the Romans settled on the banks of the Tiber.

3. 在非必要（non-essential）词、短语或从句前后

非必要从句可以被去掉，并不影响句子的核心意思，且句子剩余部分在语法上是完整的。

Incorrect: London which is a very old city,has some extremely modern parts.

Incorrect: London

, which is a very old city

has some extremely modern parts.

Correct: London

, which is a very old city,

has some extremely modern parts. (London…has some extremely modern parts.)

单个的词也是一样：

Incorrect: London is a very old city. It does however,have some very modern parts.

Incorrect: London is a very old city. It does

, however

have some very modern parts.

Correct: London is a very old city. It does

, however,

have some very modern parts.

注意：名字和名称如果前后有逗号，也可以同样看待

4. 在列举中分隔各项

注意“and”之前的逗号可有可无，所以考试时不会考这个用法。

Correct: Hiking, skiing, and white-water rafting have always been some of my favorite activities.

Correct: Hiking, skiing

and

white-water rafting have always been some of my favorite activities.

5. 分隔顺序可变的形容词

Correct: The groaning, rumblingtrain finally pulled into the station

Correct: The

rumbling, groaning

train finally pulled into the station

逗号不应该用在：

1. 两个主句之间

这点是很多中国学生写作文时会犯的错误。

警告: 逗号 代词 (it, they, s/he, one, you, I)

Incorrect: London is a very old city, ithas some extremely modern parts.

Correct: London is a very old

city. It

has some extremely modern parts.

Correct: London is a very old

city; it

has some extremely modern parts.

2. 主语相同的两个从句间

Incorrect: London is a very old city, buthas many modern buildings.

Correct: London is a very old

city but

has many modern buildings.

小技巧: 因为“逗号 and/but”=句号，你可以用句号来代替“逗号 and/but”，如果句子不对那么用法就错了。比如上面一句改成：“ London is a very old city. Has many modern buildings. ”很明显是不对的，逗号多余。

3. 在主语和动词之间

Incorrect: The oldest surviving bridge in London, isRichmond Bridge, which was completed in 1777.

Correct: The oldest surviving bridge in

London is

Richmond Bridge, which was completed in 1777.

4. 在复合元素间（名词、动词、形容词等，由and连接）

Incorrect: Many tourists visit London and Paris to visitmuseums, and monuments.

Correct: Many tourists visit London and Paris to visit

museums and monuments.

5. 介词之前或之后

包括: of, to, by, from, about, with, in, on, at

Incorrect: Frida Kahlo is among the most famous artists, ofLatin American origin.

Incorrect: Frida Kahlo is among the most famous

artists of,

Latin American origin.

Correct: Frida Kahlo is among the most famous

artists of

Latin American origin.

6. "that"之前或之后

Incorrect: London is a city, thathas many old buildings and monuments.

Incorrect: London is a

city that,

has many old buildings and monuments.

Correct: London is a

city that

has many old buildings and monuments.

No “that” = no comma: 当“that"省略时也不用逗号

Correct: The snow that is usedto build an igloo must have enough strength to be cut and stacked correctly.

Correct:

The snow used

to build an igloo must have enough strength to be cut and stacked correctly.

BUT

Incorrect: The

snow, used

to build an igloo must have enough strength to be cut and stacked correctly.

7. 在两个不能互换位置的形容词之间

Incorrect: The Caribbean Sea contains some of the world’s moststunning, coral reefs.

(You wouldn’t say, “The Caribbean Sea contains some of the world’s most

coral, stunning

reefs.”)

Correct: The Caribbean Sea contains some of the world’s most

stunning coral

reefs.

8. 在形容词和名词之间

Incorrect: The Caribbean Sea contains some of the world’s most stunning coral, reefs.

Correct: The Caribbean Sea contains some of the world’s most stunning

coral reefs

.

9. 括号之前

Incorrect: The Caribbean Sea contains some of the world’s most stunning coral reefs, (which are home to thousands of species of marine life), but many of them are in danger because of overfishing and pollution.

Correct: The Caribbean Sea contains some of the world’s most stunning coral

reefs (

which are home to thousands of species of marine life), but many of them are in danger because of overfishing and pollution.

IV. 冒号 COLONS

冒号用作列举或解释

冒号前必须有被解释的对象

冒号后可以是句子或句子成分

1. 列举

Incorrect: On our trip to London, we visited:museums, palaces, and monuments.

Correct: On our trip to London, we visited

these tourist attractions:

museums, palaces, and monuments.

2. 解释

Correct: When the Manchus took control in China 1644, the Great Wall ceased to have military significance: the empirenow extended well north of the wall, and China’s new enemies came from a different direction – across the sea.

注意，在上面的例句中冒号可以用句号或分号替代。

V. 破折号 DASHES

1. 指明句中的非必要成分

破折号的这种用法在语法功能上跟逗号一样

Correct: London – which is a very old city –has many new buildings.

2. 列举、解释或用来制造停顿

破折号的这种用法在语法功能上跟冒号一样

Correct: London has many tourist attractions – museums, palaces, and monuments.

,