专升本复习英语词汇表(专升本英语必背词汇篇)


专升本复习英语词汇表(专升本英语必背词汇篇)(1)


raise

意 义:vt.举起、提高、提升;筹集、征集;唤起、引起;养育、饲养、种植;提升,增加(工资)

搭 配:raise one’s hand 举手

raise one’s hat to sb. 向某人举帽致敬

raise doubts in people’s minds 引起人们的怀疑

raise a child 养育孩子

raise farm/corps 饲养

raise funds 筹集资金

raise salaries 增加薪水

raise standards of service 提高服务水平

辨析:raise lift raise 多指由低处垂直举往高处,不一定费力

lift 指用力或机械把重物提高到较高的位置

rise arise arouse rise v.上升

arise v.发生

arouse v.激发起

真 题 Though______in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferredto record the plain facts of small-town life.

A)raised B)grown C)developed D)cultivated

答案:A

extend

意 义:vt.延伸;扩展、扩大;提供、给予;vi.伸展、延伸;(在范围或应用上)达到

构 词:ex(向外) tend(伸展)

变 形:extension. n.伸出、伸展;延长部分;电话分机

extensive a. 广大的、广阔的;广泛的

intensive a.加强的,深入细致的

搭 配:extensive knowledge 广博的知识

to extend credit/visa 延长信贷限期/签证

extensive reading 泛读

extensive discussion 广泛的讨论

辨析:enlarge expand enlarge v.扩大,放大

expand v.使膨胀,扩张

extend lengthen prolong extend 指直线状的伸展,引申指扩大势力、范围。

lengthen 指增加长度或延长时间。

prolong 指时间过程延长到超过通常或正常的限度。

真 题 It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.

A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive

答案:A

intensive

意 义:a.加强的,集中的,深入细致的;集约(经营)的,精耕细作的

构 词:ex(向外) tend(伸展)

变 形:intensity n.强烈,剧烈;强度

intensively adv.加强地,集中地,深入细致地

搭 配:intensive study 深入细致的研究

intensive reading 精读

intensive agriculture 集约农业

labour intensity 劳动强度

look at sb. with intensity 深情地看着某人

辨 析 :ntense 意为“非常的;强烈的”,常用于形容某种性质或感情,表示很高或达到极端的程度。

intensive 含有intense的意思,但更强调“精细的;集中的”。An intense attack 全线的攻击;an intensive attack 集中某一点攻击。

真 题:1.The patient’s health failed to such an extent that he was put into____care.

A)tense B)rigid C)intensive D)tight C

2.The relationship between employers and employees has been studied________

A)originally B)extremely C)violently D)intensively

答案:1.C 2.D

available

意 义:a.现成可使用的,在手边的,可利用的;可取得联系的,可得到的

构 词:a(to) vail(value,价值) able(后缀)----有利用价值的-----可利用的

搭 配:make sth. available to/for 使…可以享受某物;使….买得起某物

the only available room 唯一可用的房子;

辨 析:available a. 现成可使用的,在手边的,可利用的

handy a. 手边的,就近的,便利的,敏捷的

at hand 在手边,在附近,即将到来

真 题:1.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are______in grocery stores.

A)ready B)approachable C)probable D) available

2.In general,the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ____for living expense.

A)acceptable B)available C)advisable D)applicable

答案:1.D 2.B

charge

意 义:n.控告,指控;主管,看管;费用,价钱;负荷,电荷,充电

vt.索价,要......支付;控告,指控;使承担(任务、责任等);使负荷,使充电

搭 配:in charge of 主管,看管

in(under)the charge of 在……的掌管下

charge sb.with 指控某人………

charge(sb.)…(money)for sth. 要价,要(某人)付….(钱)买某物

take charge 开始管理,接管

a positive/negative charge 正/负电荷

be on charge 正充电

at modest charges 以公道的价格

charge for trouble 手续费

charge a battery 给电池充电

辨 析:accuse accuse 指的是严重程度不等的犯罪或冒犯行为,accuse与介词of连用,

charge charge所指的是正式控告或指责具有违法性质的行为,charge与介词with搭配.

真 题:1.She was complaining that the doctor was ________too much for the treatment he was giving her.

A)expending B)offering C)costing D)charging

2.This hotel ____$60 for a single room with bath.

A)charges B)demands C)prices D)claims

答案:1.D 2.A

case

意 义:n.事例,实例,事实,情况;病例;案件;箱,盒,套;手提箱

搭 配 : case in point 有关的事例,例证

a case in point 恰当的例子

in any case 无论如何,不管怎样

in case 假使,以防(引导虚拟语气)

sum up the case 概括事实

in case of 假如,如果发生;防备

in no case 无论如何不,决不

in this/that case 如果这样.那样的话

a case of measles 麻疹病例

appeal a case 申述

pack a case 装箱

in the case of 就…..来说,至于

as the case may be 看情况,根据具体情况

辨 析:case 事实,事例,情况,其可笼统地指一个完整的论题,也可表典型的事例,也可用于表医学上的病例或法律上的案例.

instance 为正式用词,指从事实中援引单独事例,隐含其典型性

重难点、语法规则:in case意为“假使;免得,以防(万一)”。In case引导的从句可以用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,虚拟形式为should 动词原形

真 题1.I was advised to arrange for insurance _____I needed medical treatment.

A)nevertheless B) although C)in case D)so that

2.I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _________traffic jam.

A)in line with B)for the sake of C)in case of D)at the risk of

3.We left the manager a note________ he wanted to know where we were.

A)if B)in case C)so that D)unless

4.The lawyer advised him to drop _________,since he stands little chance to win.

A)event B)incident C)case D)affair

答案:1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C

effect

意 义:n.结果、效果; v.实现、使生效

变 形:effective 有效的,生效的,起作用的;给人印象深刻的;实际的,事实上的

effectively 有效地、起作用地

搭 配:bring/carry/put into effect 实行、实现

take effective measures 采取有效措施

effective range 有效射程;

effective ways of reducing pollution 降低污染的有效方法;

take effect 生效、起作用

to the effect that 大意是

effective 有效的、起作用的

in effect 实际上、实质上

come/go into effect 生效

to no effect 无效;毫无结果

辨析:effect consequence

effect 指明显的原因所产生的后果。

consequence 可指没有明确原因的后果或效果。

effective valid

effective 表示能产生实际的效果。

valid 指仍为权威部门认可,可以继续使用,是法律用语。

真 题1.They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.

A) fruitful B) beneficial C) valid D) effective

2.Though the long-term___ can not be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee.

A)affect B)effect C)result D)consequence

3.The new appointment of our president ______from the very beginning of next semester.

A)takes effect B)takes part C)takes place D)takes turn A

答案:1.D 2.B 3.A

transmit

意 义:vt.播送、发射;传送、传染

构 词:trans(从…到….) mit(发送)

变 形:transmission 播送、发射 ;传送、传染

搭 配:transmit knowledge from one generation to another 把知识由一代传给另一代

transmission of news 消息的传播;

transmit news by radio 由无线电发送消息

真 题:1.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised _________ from the United States.

A)transfer B) deliveries C) transportation D) transmissions

2.Some diseases are ___ by certain water animals.

A) transplanted B) transformed C) transported D)transmitted

3.Communication is the process of_______a message from a source to an audience via a channel.

A)transmitting B)submitting C)transforming D)switching

答案:1.D 2.D 3.A

relate

意 义:vi.有关联;适应,和睦相处;vt.使互相关联;讲述,叙述

变 形:relative 相关的,有关的;相对的,比较的;亲属all human values are relative,so beauty is relative to the beholder's eyes.

relatively 相关地,有关地;相对地,比较地

relation 亲属

搭 配:relate to/with 有关联

relative to 有关,涉及

in/with relation to 有关,涉及

close/near relation 近亲

distant relation 远亲

真 题:It is difficult to______cause and effect in this case.

A)unite B)think C)relate D)describe

答案:C

transform

意 义:vt.使改观、改革;变换

构 词:trans(从….到….) form(形式)

变 形:transformation n. 改观、改革;变换

transformable a.能改变的,能改造的

搭 配:transform….into….. 把…变成…

辨 析:transform change 两词有时可互换,但在骤然改变和神秘地改变时,须用transform

真 题:1.The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural

A) tradition B) transportation C) transmission D) transformation

2.The coming of railways in the 1830s______our society and economic life.

A)transformed B)transported C)transferred D)transmitted

答案:1.D 2.A

transfer

意 义:vt.搬、转移;调动、转移;转让、过户 vi.转移;调动、转移;转车、转程

n.调动、转移

构 词:trans(转移) fer(运送,传送)

变 形:transference n.转移,转让

transferable a.可转移的,可转让的

transferor n.转让者

搭 配:transfer one’s affection 变心

transfer company 转运公司

transfer from a bus to a train 由公共汽车换乘火车

transfer title to land 转让土地所有权

transfer the property 转让财产

辨析:transfer move 在表示“调动”时,transfer含有在同一大集团中工作或任职的变更的意思,不强调升、降职的意味,只是工作性质的变化。Transfer还可表示感情的转移或货物的运输,一般不用move替换。

move 表示从静止状态开始移动,可以是短距离、小范围或长距离、大范围的移动,也可指不改变位置的活动。

真 题:He hoped the firm would ______ him to the Paris branch.

A) exchange B) transmit C) transfer D) remove

答案:C

adapt

意 义:vt.使适应,使适合;修改,改编 vi. (to)适应

变 形:adaptable a.能适应的,适应性强的

adaptive adj.适应的

adaptation n.适应,适合,改编

adaptor n.编剧者,改编者

搭 配:adapt to 使适合,使适用

adapt from 根据……改写/改编

adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于

辨析:adapt 指作出较大的修改或改变以达到目的。如:She had to adapt herself to local conditions.她必须使自己适应当地的情况

adjust 指作些不重要的轻微调整以便符合要求或适应新情况。如:adjust one's watch/glasses对表/扶眼镜

fit 多指“大小适合”,引申为“吻合”

suit 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”

match 指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”

真 题:The newcomers found it impossible to ________themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.

A)suit B)adapt C)regulate D)coordinate

I suggested he should________himself to his new conditions.

A)adopt B)suit C)regulate D)adapt

答案:1.B 2.D

alter

意 义:v.改变,改动,变更

变 形:alterable adj.可变的,可改的

alterant adj.改变的

alteration n.变更,改造

辨析:alter 部分地改变,不失去本性;

change 本质地变化,甚至失去本性,或一种东西退换了另一种东西;

vary 由更替、多样化或生长的变化而引起的一个或一连串变化。

convert 指从一种状态或情况转变为另一种,尤指用于新的目的或用途。

真 题:1.If your new coat is too large ,a tailor can _____it to fit you.

A)alter B)exchange C)alternate D)change

2.She had to _______her dress because she had lost weight.

A)transform B)shift C)alter D)cut

答案:1.A 2.C

arise

意 义:vi.(1)产生,出现,发生;(2)(from)(由……)引起,(由….)产生,起源于;(3)起身,起床

变形:arose arise的过去式

arisen arise的过去分词

辨析:arise arise和rise都可用于来表示“起床”和“站起身”的意思。Arise常用于较抽象的主语之后

rise 常用于具体的场合

raise 是及物动词,意为“举起;使起来;提高;提出”

arouse 也是及物动词,意为“唤醒;激起;引起”

搭配:arise from/out of 由….引起,起源于

真 题:1.Many difficulties have _____as a result of the change over to a new 无效 of fuel.

A)risen B)arisen C)raised D)arrived

2.A completely new situation will ______when the examination system comes into existence.

A)rise B)arise C)raise D)arouse

答案:1.B 2.B

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