英语动名词表达什么（英语动名词的功能）

英语动名词的功能

英语动词 ing的形式在传统的时态中叫现在分词，但此文讨论的是不是动词的谓语形式，而是其作为非谓语形式的一些功能，即动名词的作用。虽然这种词由动词变换而成，但已经丧失了动词的功能，其作用相当于一个名词，其结尾形式为-ing（例如, stuDying, walking, eating，sleeping等。例如：

• Reading is my leisure.

这里我们所看到的reading的表现形式是个名词做主语。因为这里的逻辑是你只能用名词才能替换它。比如我们用Music来替换：

• Music is my leisure.

这里单词的替换并没有改变句子的结构和功能，也就是reading和music都能做主语。

动名词在句子中的语法功能

动名词一般在句子中替代了名词，因而实际上承担了名词的功能，包括主语、表语、直接宾语、间接宾语和介词宾语。

这些功能示例如下：

• Swimming is a great sport. →主语
• I enjoy swimming. →动词enjoy的宾语
• I am very fond of swimming. →介词“of”的宾语。
• The sport I enjoy most is swimming. →表语

动名词和现在分词的区别

分词和动名词的区别在于其功能。分词通常起形容词或副词的作用。

分词例句：

• Barking dogs are seldom dangerous. →形容词，描述dogs.
• Children spend most of their waking hours playing. →副词，修饰动词spend.

另一方面，动名词充当名词的角色，正如前面观察到的：

动名词例句：

• The barking of the dog disturbed the neighbors. →做句子主语。
• Children! Stop playing and go to bed.→ 动词stop的宾语。

动名词的六种使用方式

1. 动名词做句子的主语

例如：

• Being king can be dangerous for your health.
• Playing basketball takes up too much of her time.

2. 动名词做表语（也叫主语补助语）

例如：

• Andy’s dream is retiring young. is的表语
• His major hobby has been fishing. [has been 的表语]

3. 动名词做及物动词的宾语

例如:

• He didn't particularly like being king.→动词like的宾语
• Laurel is a great cook, she loves cooking. [动词 loves的宾语]

4. 动名词做介词的宾语， 如：

• He wrote a book about being king. →介词 about的宾语。
• With the amount of time Laurel spends in the kitchen, everyone believes she’s devoted to cooking.→介词 to的宾语

5. 动名词取代不定式

比较下面的表达形式：

动词不定式:

• To give is better than to take.
• To die is better than to beg.

用动名词替换

• Giving is better than taking.
• Dying is better than begging.

6. 动名词作为某个名词的同位语， 例如：

• His crime, forging of bank cheque, was detected by his neighbors.
• His ambition, becoming a civil servant, could not be fulfilled.

动名词可与go搭配形成习惯的表达方式， 例如：

• Let's go shopping.
• We went jogging yesterday.
• She goes bowling every Friday night.

动名词与某些动词搭配表达实际行为。这样的动词在头条文章常见英语动词跟随非谓语动词的形式-动名词

例如:

• Did I mention reading that novel last summer?
• I recommend leaving while we can.
• I have quit smoking.