第十三个神
2023-03-13 15:58:14
英 语 音 标:48 个 国 际 音 标
注:视频从3’08‘’开始讲48个音标读音
音节与音节划分知识
1. 音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元音字母就有几个音节。
2. 音节的划分
① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter,mem-ber,chil-dren,daugh-ter
② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时,如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅音字母属于重读音节。
例如:长音 pa-per,stu-dent,fa-ther,ze-ro,mo-tor,far-ther
短音 sev-en,stud-y,moth-er,ver-y,mod-le ,weath-er
3. 重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
4. 开音节
① 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。
例如:no,blue,ba-by,stu-dent,se-cret
② 相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。
例如:name,these,bike,home,excuse
5. 闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。
例如:bag,egg,fish,not,cup
6. 双音节词重读规则
① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如: stu-dent,Chi-na,sec-ond,au-tumn
② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。
例如:a-bout,be-fore,ex-cuse,re-pair,for-get-ful,in-ven-tor
7. 多音节词重读规则
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如: el-e-phant
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。
例如:scien-tific,im-pression,na-tion
英语单词拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
a |
在开音节中 |
[ei] |
name plane Jane baby cake |
在闭音节中 |
[æ] |
bag dad hat map black back |
e |
在开音节中 |
[i:] |
he these me Chinese |
在闭音节中 |
[e] |
bed let pen desk yes egg |
i |
在开音节中 |
[ai] |
bike fly drive time nice kite |
在闭音节中 |
[i] |
fish big drink sit milk swim |
o |
在开音节中 |
[əu] |
those close go hoe home no |
在闭音节中 |
[ɔ] |
clock not box shop sock |
u |
在开音节中 |
[ju:] |
student excuse duty Tuesday |
在闭音节中 |
[ʌ ] |
bus cup jump much lunch |
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super |
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2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
a |
[ə] |
China another woman breakfast |
[i] |
orange comrade village cabbage |
e |
[ə] |
hundred student open weekend |
[i] |
chicken pocket begin children |
i |
[i] |
holiday beautiful family animal |
[ai] |
exercise satellite |
o |
[ə] |
second tonight somebody welcome |
[əu] |
also zero photo |
u |
[ə] |
autumn diffcult |
[ju:] |
popular congratulation January |
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate |
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue |
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[ə]音可以读作[i]音。 |
3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
a在[w]音后面 |
[ɔ] |
want what watch wash quality |
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 |
[α:] |
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father |
i在-nd -ld和gh前 |
[ai] |
find child light high |
o在-st -ld前 |
[əu] |
most postcard old cold |
o在m n v th前 |
[ʌ] |
come monkey love mother |
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4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
arar在[w]音后面 |
[α:] |
car farm dark sharpener |
[ɔ:] |
warm quarter towards |
oror在[w]音后面 |
[ɔ:] |
forty morning short |
[ə:] |
word worker worse |
er ir ur |
[ə:] |
certainly bird Thursday |
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry sorry hurry |
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday |
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5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
are |
[εə] |
care dare hare |
ere |
[iə] |
here mere |
ire |
[aiə] |
fire hire wire |
ore |
[ɔ:] |
more score before |
ure |
[juə] |
pure cure |
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[tʃə]音或[ʒə],例如:picture pleasure |
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring |
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph |
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6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
ai/ay |
[ei] |
afraid rain wait day play |
air |
[εə] |
air hair chair pair repair |
al
al在f m前 |
[ɔ:l] |
small ball talk wall all |
[ɔ:l] |
always also salt almost |
[α:] |
half calm |
au/aw |
[ɔ:] |
autumn daughter draw |
ea |
[i:] |
teach easy cheap please |
[e] |
heavy bread sweater weather |
[ei] |
break great |
ear |
[iə] |
hear dear near clear year |
[εə] |
bear pear wear swear |
[ə:] |
earth learn early |
ee |
[i:] |
jeep week green three |
eer |
[iə] |
pioneer deer beer |
ei/ey |
[ei] |
eight neighbour they |
[i:] |
either key |
eu/ew在j l r s后 |
[ju:] |
new few newspaper |
[u:] |
flew brew jewelry |
ie/ei[s]音之后 |
[i:] |
piece field receive |
oa |
[əu] |
coat Joan boat goal |
oar/oor |
[ɔ:] |
roar board door floor |
oi/oy |
[ɔi] |
noise point boy toilet |
oo |
[u:] |
broom food tooth school |
[u] |
book look cook foot good |
ou/ow |
[au] |
flower house count down |
[əu] |
know row throw though |
[ʌ] |
young country enough |
[u:] |
group you soup |
our |
[ɔ:] |
course your four |
[auə] |
our hour ours |
[ə:] |
journey |
ui在j l r s后 |
[ju:i] |
fluid suicide tuition suit |
[u:] |
juice fruit |
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7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
ai/ay ei/ey |
[i] |
Sunday foreign monkey |
ow |
[əu] |
yellow sparrow tomorrow | |
-sion -tion |
[ʃən] |
impression nation |
-sion在元音字母后 |
[ʒən] |
vision decision occasion |
-tion在s后 |
[tʃən] |
question suggestion |
-sten |
[sn] |
listen |
-stle |
[sl] |
whistle |
-sure |
[ʒə] |
pleasure measure |
-ture |
[tʃə] |
picture culture |
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8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[ɔ:] |
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如: sun太阳 day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə]早餐 cup茶杯 board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ɔ:] 碗柜 |
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9、辅字组的读音
辅字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
b |
[b] |
bike bus bag |
[/] |
bomb tomb |
cc在e前或在i/y前 |
[k] |
cake picture coat music |
[s] |
face decide cinema |
ch |
[tʃ] |
much chick rich teacher |
[k] |
school headache chemistry |
[ʃ] |
machine Chicago |
-ck |
[k] |
cock pocket black knock |
d |
[d] |
doctor bread hand day |
-dge |
[dʒ] |
bridge fridge |
dr- |
[dr] |
children driver drink |
f |
[f] |
five four breakfast |
gg在e i/y前 |
[g] |
bag gardon go |
[dʒ] |
orange large German |
gh |
[f] |
cough enough photo |
[/] |
light daughter high |
gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 |
[g] |
guess league dialogue |
[gw] |
language anguish |
h |
[h] |
hot head house hand |
[/] |
hour honest |
j |
[dʒ] |
jeep jar joke join July |
k |
[k] |
kind bike skate make week |
kn- |
[n] |
knife know knock |
l |
[l] |
life milk school tall |
m |
[m] |
monkey come autumn |
-mn |
[m] |
autumn column solemn |
nn在[k] [g]音前 |
[n] |
not shine ten note |
[ŋ] |
uncle thank hungry |
-ng |
[n] |
morning young wrong |
p |
[p] |
paper plane pig ship pen |
ph |
[f] |
elephant photo telephone |
q |
[k] |
Iraq |
qu- |
[kw] |
quality quite |
r |
[r] |
red rubber ruler |
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 |
[s] |
sit sleep desk |
[z] |
music husband |
sc- |
[sk] |
scar |
[s] |
muscle science |
sh |
[ʃ] |
she fish shirt wash |
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 |
[t] |
ten letter meet |
[ʃ] |
patient nation |
tch |
[tʃ] |
watch |
th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中 |
[θ] |
thin thirty method |
[ð] |
the these with than |
[ð] |
clothe father weather |
tr- |
[tr] |
tree train country truck |
v |
[v] |
very voice love leave |
w |
[w] |
week win wake sweet wait |
[/] |
answer two |
wh-wh-在字母o前 |
[w] |
what when white why |
[h] |
who whose whole |
x在重读元音前 |
[ks] |
box text exercise |
[gz] |
examle exist exact |
wr- |
[r] |
write |
y- |
[j] |
yes yard yellow young |
z |
[z] |
puzzle zero zoo |
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