船舶结构英语词汇（航海英语术语和船舶零件英语定义）

Word

Definition

abaft

toward or at the stern of a ship; further aft

affreightment

hiring of a vessel

afterdeck

deck behind a ship's bridge

afterguard

men who work the aft sails on the quarterdeck and poop deck

ahull

with sails furled and helm lashed to the lee-side

amidships

midway between the bow and stern of a ship

astern

at the stern of a ship

backstay

stay extending from ship's mastheads to the side of the ship

ballaster

one who supplies ships with ballast

bargemaster

owner of a barge

bee

hardwood on either side of bowsprit through which forestays are reeved

belay

to secure a rope by winding on a pin or cleat

bilge

lower point of inner hull of a ship

binnacle

case in which a ship's compass is kept

bitts

posts mounted on a ship for fastening ropes

bluepeter

blue flag with white square in centre used as ship's signal

boatswain

ship's crewmember in charge of equipment and maintenance

bobstay

rope used on ships to steady the bowsprit

bollard

short post on a wharf or ship to which ropes are tied

boltrope

strong rope stitched to edges of a sail

bosun

boatswain

bottomry

using the ship as collateral to finance a sea voyage

bow

front of a ship

bower

anchor carried at bow of a ship

bowline

rope used to keep weather edge of a sail taut

bowsprit

spar that extends at bows of a ship

brails

ropes on edge of sail for hauling up

bream

to clean a ship's bottom by burning off seaweed

bulwark

the side of a ship above the deck

bumpkin

spar projecting from stern of ship

bunt

middle of sail, fish-net or cloth when slack

buntline

rope attached to middle of square sail to haul it up to the yard

burgee

small ship's flag used for identification or signalling

cable

heavy rope or chain for mooring a ship

cabotage

shipping and sailing between points in the same country

camber

slight arch or convexity to a beam or deck of a ship

capstan

upright device for winding in heavy ropes or cables

careen

to turn a ship on its side in order to clean or repair it

cathead

projection near the bow of a ship to which anchor is secured

chine

the intersection of the middle and sides of a boat

chock

metal casting with curved arms for passing ropes for mooring ship

clew

corner of sail with hole to attach ropes

coaming

raised edge around ship's hatches to keep water out

cocket

official shipping seal; customs clearance form

cofferdam

narrow vacant space between two bulkheads of a ship

cog

single-masted, square-sailed ship with raised stern

companionway

stairs from upper deck of ship to lower deck

cordage

ropes in the rigging of a ship

cringle

loop at corner of sail to which a line is attached

crosstrees

horizontal crosspieces at a masthead used to support ship's mast

davit

device for hoisting and lowering a boat

deadeye

rounded wooden block with hole used to set up ship's stays

deadwood

timbers built into ends of ship when too narrow to permit framing

demurrage

delay of vessel's departure or loading with cargo

dodger

shield against rain or spray on a ship's bridge

dogwatch

a short, evening period of watch duty on a ship

downhaul

rope for holding down or hauling down a sail or spar

dromond

large single-sailed ship powered by rowers

dyogram

ship's chart indicating compass deflection due to ship's iron

earing

line for fastening corner of a sail to the gaff or yard

ensign

large naval flag

escutcheon

part of ship's stern where name is displayed

fairlead

ring through which rope is led to change its direction without friction

fardage

wood placed in bottom of ship to keep cargo dry

fiddley

iron framework around hatchway opening

figurehead

ornament or (usually female) bust attached to the bow of a ship

flagstaff

flag pole at stern of a ship

fluke

part of an anchor that fastens in the ground

forebitt

post for fastening cables at a ship's foremast

forecabin

cabin in fore part of ship

forecastle

short raised deck at fore end of ship; fore of ship under main deck

forefoot

foremost end of ship's keel

foremast

mast nearest the bow of a ship

foresail

lowest sail set on the foremast of square-rigged ship

forestay

stay leading from the foremast to the bow of a ship

frap

to draw a sail tight with ropes or cables

freeboard

distance between waterline and main deck of a ship

futtock

rib of a ship

gaff

spar on which head of fore-and-aft sail is extended

gaff-topsail

triangular topsail with its foot extended upon the gaff

gangway

either of the sides of the upper deck of a ship

garboard

plank on a ship’s bottom next to the keel

genoa

large jib that overlaps the mainsail

grapnel

small anchor used for dragging or grappling

groundage

a charge on a ship in port

gudgeon

metal socket into which the pintle of a boat's rudder fits

gunnage

number of guns carried on a warship

gunwale

upper edge of the side of a ship

gybe

to swing a sail from one side to another

halyard

rope or tackle for hoisting and lowering sails

hank

series of rings or clips for attaching a jib or staysail to a stay

hawse

distance between ship's bow and its anchor

hawsehole

hole for ship's cable

hawser

large rope for mooring or towing a ship

headsail

sail set forward of the foremast of a ship

helm

ship's steering wheel

holystone

sandstone material used to scrape ships' decks

inboard

inside the line of a ship's bulwarks or hull

jack

ship's flag flown from jack-staff at bow of vessel

jack-block

pulley system for raising topgallant masts

jack-cross-tree

single iron cross-tree at head of a topgallant mast

jackstaff

short staff at ship's bow from which the jack is hoisted

jackstay

iron or wooden bar running along yard of ship to which sails fastened

jackyard

spar used to spread the foot of a gaff-topsail

jib

small triangular sail extending from the head of the foremast

jibboom

spar forming an extension of the bowsprit

jibe

to change a ship's course to make the boom shift sides

jurymast

mast erected on ship in place of one lost

kedge

small anchor to keep a ship steady

keelhaul

to punish by dragging under keel of ship

keelson

lengthwise wooden or steel beam in ship for bearing stress

kentledge

pig-iron used as ballast in ship's hold

lagan

cargo jettisoned from ship but marked by buoys for recovery

lanyard

rope or line for fastening something in a ship

larboard

left side of a ship

lastage

room for stowing goods in a ship

lateen

triangular sail rigged on ship's spar

laveer

to sail against the wind

lazaret

space in ship between decks used for storage

leeboard

wood or metal planes attached to hull to prevent leeway

leech

a vertical edge of a square sail

loxodograph

device used to record ship's travels

luff

windward side of a ship; forward edge of fore-and-aft sail

lugsail

four-sided sail bent to an obliquely hanging yard

lutchet

fitting on ship's deck to allow mast to pivot to pass under bridges

mainmast

sailing ship's principal mast

mainsail

principal sail on a ship's mainmast

mainsheet

rope by which mainsail is trimmed and secured

mainstay

stay that extends from the main-top to the foot of the foremast

manrope

rope used as a handrail on a ship

martingale

lower stay of rope used to sustain strain of the forestays

mizzen

three-masted vessel; aft sail of such a vessel

mizzenmast

mast aft or next aft of the mainmast in a ship

moonraker

topmost sail of a ship, above the skyscraper

oakum

old ropes untwisted for caulking the seams of ships

orlop

lowest deck in a ship having four or more decks

outhaul

rope used to haul a sail taut along a spar

outrigger

spar extended from side of ship to help secure mast

painter

rope attached to bow of a boat to attach it to a ship or a post

pallograph

instrument measuring ship's vibration

parrel

band by which a yard is fastened to a mast

patroon

captain of a ship; coxswain of a longboat

poop

enclosed structure at stern of ship above main deck

port

when facing forward, the left side of a ship

primage

fee paid to loaders for loading ship

purser

ship's officer in charge of finances and passengers

quarterdeck

part of ship's deck set aside by captain for ceremonial functions

quartering

sailing nearly before the wind

rake

the inclination of a mast or another part of a ship

ratline

small rope forming a rung of a rope ladder on a ship

reef

to reduce area of a sail by rolling or folding part of it

reeve

to pass a rope through a ring

roach

curved cut in edge of sail for preventing chafing

roband

piece of yarn used to fasten a sail to a spar

rostrum

spike on prow of warship for ramming

rowlock

contrivance serving as a fulcrum for an oar

royal

small sail on royal mast just above topgallant sail

scud

to sail swiftly before a gale

scupper

hole allowing water to drain from ship’s deck

scuttlebutt

cask of drinking water aboard a ship; rumour, idle gossip

scuttles

portholes on a ship

sheer

fore-and-aft curvature of a ship from bow to stern

shrouds

ropes supporting the mast of a ship

sidelight

coloured lights on side of a ship under way at night

skeg

part of ship connecting the keel with the bottom of the rudderpost

skysail

sail above the royal sail

skyscraper

triangular sail on a ship above the royal

slipway

ramp sloping into water for supporting a ship

snotty

naval midshipman

spanker

sail on the mast nearest the stern of a square-rigged ship

spar

any ship's mast, boom, yard, or gaff

spinnaker

large triangular sail opposite the mainsail

spirketting

inside planking between ports and waterways of a ship

sponson

platform jutting from ship’s deck for gun or wheel

sprit

spar crossing a fore-and-aft sail diagonally

spritsail

sail extended by a sprit

starboard

when facing forward, the right side of a ship

starbolins

sailors of the starboard watch

stay

large rope used to support a mast

staysail

fore-and-aft sail hoisted on a stay

steeve

to set a ship's bowsprit at an upward inclination

stemson

supporting timber of a ship

stern

back part of a ship

sternpost

main member at stern of a ship extending from keel to deck

sternway

movement of a ship backwards

stevedore

dock worker who loads and unloads ships

stokehold

ship’s furnace chamber

strake

continuous band of plates on side of a ship

stunsail

light auxiliary sail to the side of principal sails

supercargo

ship's official in charge of business affairs

taffrail

rail round the stern of a ship

thole

pin in the side of a boat to keep oar in place

tiller

handle or lever for turning a ship's rudder

timberhead

top end of ship's timber used above the gunwale

timenoguy

rope stretched from place to place in a ship

topgallant

mast or sail above the topmast and below the royal mast

topmast

ship's mast above the lower mast

topsail

ship's sail above the lowermost sail

tranship

to transfer from one ship to another

transire

ship's customs warrant for clearing goods

transom

transverse timbers attached to ship's sternpost

treenail

long wooden pin used to fix planks of ship to the timbers

trice

to haul in and lash secure a sail with a small rope

trunnel

wooden shipbuilding peg used for fastening timbers

trysail

ship's sail bent to a gaff and hoisted on a lower mast

tuck

part of ship where ends of lower planks meet under the stern

turtleback

structure over ship’s bows or stern

unreeve

to withdraw a rope from an opening

walty

inclined to tip over or lean

wardroom

quarters for ship's officers

washboard

broad thin plank along ship's gunwale to keep out sea water

watching

fully afloat

waveson

goods floating on the sea after a shipwreck

wear

to turn a ship's stern to windward to alter its course

weatherboard

weather side of a ship

weatherly

able to sail close to the wind with little leeway

wheelhouse

shelter where ship’s steering wheel kept

whipstaff

vertical lever controlling ship’s rudder

windbound

hindered from sailing by contrary winds

windlass

winch used to raise a ship's anchor

xebec

small three-masted pirate ship

yard

tapering spar attached to ship's mast to spread the head of a square sail

yardarm

either end of the yard of a square-rigged ship

yawl

ship’s small boat; sailboat carrying mainsail and one or more jibs

zabra

small Spanish sailing vessel