英语直接引语是哪类语法（英语语法直接引语和间接引语）

1．人称的变化

[语法点津]

直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。

[巧记]　直接引语变间接引语人称变化口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变更。”

(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。

(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

(3)“第三人称不变更”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

[对点训练]

将下列句子改为间接引语

(1)“I know it，”he said.

→He said that ________ knew it.

(2)She asked us，“Do you want to go on a picnic？”

→She asked us if/whether ________ wanted to go on a picnic.

2．时态的变化

[语法点津]

直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：

[点津]

在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。

①直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”，the teacher told me.

→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.

②直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Tom said，“I was born on April 21,1980.”

→Tom said he was born on April 21,1980.

[对点训练]

将下列句子改为间接引语

(1)I said，“I will give her some advice tomorrow.”

→I said that I ________ her some advice the next day.

(2)“You have already done your duty，”he said to her.

→He told her that she ________ already done her duty.

(3)John said to his parents，“I had learned 400 Chinese words by the end of last term.”

→John told his parents that he ________400 Chinese words by the end of last term.

(4)He said，“I am living with my old brother.”

→He said that he ________ with his old brother.

(5)“Light travels much faster than sound，”he said.

→He said that light ________ much faster than sound.

3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化

[语法点津]

[对点训练]

将下列句子改为间接引语

(1)“How much have we spent on petrol this year？”Susan asked her husband.

Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol ________ year.

(2)My friend Linda said to me，“I saw the film three days ago.”

My friend Linda told me that she had seen the film three days ________.

答案：(1)that　(2)before

4．连接词的选择

[语法点津]

(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。

He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”

→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.

[点津]

直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词said to sb.常改为told sb.。

She said to me，“I came back an hour ago.”

→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.

(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..or not)或if引导。

He said，“Are you interested in English？”

→He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.

[点津]

如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。

(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原来的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。

“What's your name？”he asked me.

→He asked me what my name was.

[点津]

疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。

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