教学和辅导（学习和教学Learningand）

每天五分钟，Funway English好轻松~

[心]这是一个语言学系列的知识点合集[心]

在语言学习中，学习和教学有什么不同，又会有什么不同的效果？

来分别看一下语言学中对于学习和教学的定义。

LEARNING:

1. Learning is acquisition or getting. 学习是“习得”或“获得”。

2. Learning is retention of information or skill. 学习是保留信息或技巧。

3. Retention implies storage system, memory, cognitive organization. 保留需要储存系统，记忆力，和认知结构。

4. Learning involves active, conscious focus on and acting upon events outside or inside the organism. 学习涉及主动的，有意识地注意，并对有机体内外的时间做出反应。

5. Learning is relatively permanent but subject to forgetting. 学习是相对持久并会遗忘的。

6. Learning involves some form of practice, perhaps reinforced practice. 学习涉及到练习，可能是强化练习。

7. Learning is a change in behavior. 学习是行为的改变。

教学与学习不同，追求最有效率的方式，将一定量的知识加以组织，以最有效率的顺序呈现学习材料，以便学习者更好地获取经验，理解知识。教学过程中会出现对学习者的奖励和惩罚。

总之，最有效率，是教学的关键词。也是区别于学习的特点之一。

TEACHING:

1. The experiences which most effectively implant in the individual a predisposition toward learning.

2. The ways in which a body of knowledge should be structured so that it can be most readily grasped by the learner.

3. The most effective sequences in which to present the materials to be learned.

4. The nature and pacing of rewards and punishments in the process of learning and teaching.