regardless of加名词（名词的关系RELATIONSOF）

考究下列句子中斜体名词的结构：—

1. Trees grow.

2. This man is a carpenter.

3. Mr. Brown, the merchant, has retired.

4. Boys, close the doors.

5. The wheel being broken, I walked home.

6. John lost his knife.

7. She lives in the city.

8. I bought the boy a hat.

9. We visited our mother’s grave.

10. He lived here ten years.

11. I was taught music by my mother.

12. This boy ran a race yesterday.

13. I told him to be a good boy.

14. The people chose him ruler.

1. 主语主格。 名词可以被用作动词的主语；如，Boys play. 动词的主语处于主格。

2. 谓语主格。用来构成一个完整的谓语，并与主语指向相同的人或物的名词，处于“动词之后的主格”；如，John became king. 如此使用的名词称为“谓语名词”或“谓语主格”。动词 be, seem, become, appear, look 后接谓语主格。

3. 同位语。加到另一个名词之后来解释它的意思的名词称为第一个名词的同位语；如，

Mr. Henry, our principal, is sick. （同位语主格）

We like your sister Mary. （同位语宾格）

4. 呼格。用于称呼人或物的名词，处于“呼格”；如，Man, your years are few.

5. 绝对主格。与句子中任何单词都没有关系的名词处于“绝对主格”；如，The day being bright, I went for a drive.

6. 动词的宾语。动词所表达的行为落脚的名词或代词，称为动词在语法上的“宾语”；如，I broke my pen.

7. 介词的宾语。被介词在意义上连接到句子中某个其他单词的名词或代词，称为介词的“宾语”；如，He came from the country.

8. 间接宾语。用来表明某事是“对”或“为”谁或什么而做的名词或代词，称为间接宾语；如，He gave me a watch. 单词 watch 是 gave 的直接宾语。

9. 所有。用来表示所有权的名词处于所有格；如，My friend’s hat is missing.

10. 副词性宾语。用来像副词一样表达时间，距离，重量或价值的名词，称为“副词性宾语”；如，He walked five miles. It is worth eight dollars.

11. 保留宾语。当一个有两个宾语的主动动词变为被动语态，一个宾语变为这个被动动词的主语，另一个被“保留为宾语”； 如，He was forgiven his offence.

12. 同源宾语。有与动词相似或同源的意思的宾语，称为“同源宾语”；如，She sung us a song.

13. 宾语谓语。当名词与一个宾语性主语处于谓语关系时，它被称为“宾语谓语”；如，I know him to be an honest man.

14. 谓语性宾语。完成及物动词的意义，并描述其宾语的名词，称为“谓语性宾语”；如，They elected him president. 动词 call, make, appoint, choose, elect, 以及类似性质的动词，都可以带有“谓语性宾语”。