介词by的用法趣味（介词by的几种用法）

介词by的几种用法

介词是一个经常使用的介词，在英语中很多场景和上下文中都会见到。本文总结一下by的用法。

“by” place

含义是: beside, at the side of, next to, close to （在旁边，靠近），例如：

• The house is by a river.
• David lives by a train station.
• I would love to live in a house by the sea.

“by” method of transport

这种结构表示如何乘交通工具到某处。

by train

car

boat

plane

taxi

bus

coach

例如:

• David went to Manchester by train.
• I go to work by car.
• My parents often go to France by boat.
• Our children have never travelled by plane before.

“by” method of communication

这种结构表示如何与某人沟通。

by telephone

post

email

fax

例如:

• I spoke to her by telephone.
• I will send you the invoice by post.
• Please confirm the order by email.

“by” method of payment

这种结构表达如何支付，购买某物。.

by credit card

cheque

例如:

• We paid for the computer by cheque.
• Can I pay by credit card?

注意现金支付用介词 “in”:

• David paid in cash for the newspaper.

在口语中in可以省略:

• David paid cash for the newspaper.

“by” 与被动语态

在被动语态中by用于执行动作的人，我们先看主动语态的句子:

• David is cleaning the kitchen.

在上面的句子中，David是句中的主语，当把这个句子变成被动语态时：

• The kitchen is being cleaned by David.

下面是更多的例子:

• Sarah wrote the book. (主动)The book was written by Sarah. (被动
• Our school organized the concert. (主动)The concert was organized by our school. (被动)

“by” 反身代词

by myself

yourself

himself, herself, itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

这种结构意思是独立做某事.

例如:

• I enjoy reading by myself.
• Sarah is studying by herself.
• Let’s do something by ourselves.
• My parents often go on holiday by themselves.

“by” 动名词

这种结构表示如何做某事。

例如:

• You can turn on the radio by pressing that button.
• His mother made a living by looking after babies for others.

“by” 时间的表达方式

这种结构的含义是: not later than（不晚于）; before or at a particular time（在特定的时间前）。

这种结构用于某件事的最后期限。

例如:

• Guests must vacate their hotel rooms by 11 am.
• Please send us the payment by tomorrow.
• Students must enroll by the end of June.

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