傻瓜式字典入门教学（巨变学习法系列）

How to Use a dictionary

如何使用字典

前言：一个飞奔的网络cyber赛格（原意为电脑）快餐时代，除在校生以外，字典似乎都快离席退休束之高阁了，重温罗恩导师上世纪六十年代后最精辟的学习方法论述，还是离不开讨论字典功用。此章节内容涉及广泛，包括如何使用字典，引导词，发音，词类，字义，词源，字典小贴士：如何解析字词的技巧，误解字词的多方来源与解决方案；尤为宝贵的，还有罗恩导师团队重磅推荐的一些字典等内容。每个小单元后仍都附有合用的练习。仅仅使用网络字典辞典时很难有此收获，更不可习惯于谬误猜词快餐。阅读此系列文，请准备一两本英中或英英双语等字典边读边做练习，相信你一定会展开不同的视角，有不一样的收获。顺便说一下，罗恩督导课堂从上世纪六七十年代导师的学习方法成型以来，无论在美国本土其体系的学校还是五大洲各个永久或临时培训团体，都是坚持使用罗恩导师推荐并半个世纪以来证明行之有效的、各种不同梯级与可信度高的纸质字典。有了电脑翻译软件又加手机字典超级方便，今天用字典，会不会似先人驴背竹简，西方羊皮书卷？本人曾瓶颈的学习状态涅槃重生于罗恩督导自学互动体系，几十年生命中眼球追随字典翻动，像投身在现代加强版的孔子严谨治学课堂。罗恩应用教育并非主流治学，但扎实功底英雄学子不问出处：离不开督导、教师们与学生和学生教练们善用字典！这个体系中课堂课外个个理解透彻，成绩斐然，几乎没有离退弃学抑郁焦虑等“误解字词”弊病；与一些痛苦紧张焦虑的学习气场极大反差。查字典精英不但不是落伍，却堪称世纪楷模。诚然，许多值得推荐的优质字典字词典早已收录在有道等现代电子版中，也非常便捷实用。重温这些基本内容更可以配合现代版电子词典科学有效使用，提高理解质量与查找速率。这个“字典”系列，本人基本按原文翻译，按原书顺序不加评论分期介绍。大道至简，同时学习英文描述表达，不亦乐乎。

以下摘译自根据罗恩. 贺伯特著作编著的《基础学习手册》Basic Study Manual.

"Diction" comes from the Latin word meaning a word,“--ary” means a collection of or a thing connected with.

A dictionary tells a person how to say a word, what it means, how to spell it and how to use it. Dictionaries usually will tell you where a word comes from.

A dictionary is a word book.

拆解开dictionay: diction 这一词干来自拉丁文，意思是“一个词”或是“说”，而字尾--ary意指由…组成，或是与…有关的事物。

字典告诉人们如何读一个字，该字是什么意思，如何拼写以及如何使用一个字。通常字典还告诉你字词的来源出处。

字典就是一本关于字的书。

Definitions in dictionaries are not always complete and in some cases, are not totally correct. Remember that dictionaries are written by people who themselves might have misunderstoods. So do not treat them as religious texts which must be believed. They are mostly correct but they are just tools.

字典的字义不一定就是大全，甚至在某些情况下也不一定完全正确。请记住，字典也是人手所造，作为人不可避免会有误解的字词。所以对待字典不必像对待宗教信条那般笃信不疑。字典大多具有正确性，不过也只是工具书。

The Alphabet 字母表顺序

Knowledge of the alphabet is the key to finding words quickly. To use a dictionary rapidly one has to be able to recite the alphabet rapidly and know the relations of letters in the alphabet one to the other

instantly. Otherwise, one can get lost and it will take a long time to look up words. One literally has to know the alphabet backwards and forwards.

Words are arranged in alphabet order in all dictionaries. A dictionary has a section for each letter of the alphabet. The first letter of the word one is looking up tells one which section of the dictionary to look in. Within any section, words are further arranged alphabetically by their second letters, then their third letters and so on. For instance, the word cat would be found after the word castle and before the word catch.

精通字母表顺序是快速查阅单词的关键。要想快速查字典，字母表顺序必须烂熟于心，并且迅速反应出这个字母在字母表中的顺序关系。否则查找者就会迷失，而且需要很多时间去查单词。甚至可以要求查找者对字母表排列顺序顺流倒背。

所有的字典，都是按照字母顺序来排列字序的。字母表的每一个字母都有一个“节”。查找者正查的那个字，其首字母告诉他去字典中先查哪一节。在每一节中，该单词又按照第二个字母，以字母顺序排列，然后又按第三个字母如此排列，以此类推。例如，可以在castle之后又在 catch之前找到cat这个词。

Drill 操练

1. Look up the word cat in a dictionary. Write down what word comes just before it and what word comes just after it. 在字典中查cat这个英文单词，写出它前一个和后一个词。

2.Look up the following words in a dictionary, using your knowledge of the alphabet to find them as quickly as possible: 发挥你对字母排列顺序的知识，尽快在字典中找到下列英文单词：

apron house mail

dear window straight

gift nest yesterday