初中英语语法常用语(初中英语语法状语)

六.状语(中考单词拼写必考题):修辞动词和说明时间地点,有副词与状语从句担任,我来为大家科普一下关于初中英语语法常用语?以下内容希望对你有帮助!

初中英语语法常用语(初中英语语法状语)

初中英语语法常用语

六.状语(中考单词拼写必考题):修辞动词和说明时间地点,有副词与状语从句担任

(一)单词作状语

1.单个单词修饰动词,表达动作发生的方式listen carefully、程度hurt badly、频率go often,方向go away.

副词放的位置:对所有修饰动词的副词来说在中文中只能放在动词的前面,但在英语中用法非常松散的,可放在整个句子的前面或后面;但就一个副词来说紧挨着动词放,放在动词的前面或后面只能选一,就某个副词只能从书上学来,不能随便放的。

2.单个单词说明地点、时间、路程的副词作状语是个规定,不是你懂不懂。

老师上课讲地点、时间副词或时间、地点状语,这是个规定,说明时间和地点的单词是副词,句子成份作状语。

如:家home,任何地方anywhere,每个地方everywhere,没一个地方nowhere,某个地方somewhere,别的地方elsewhere,在这里,here、在那里there、在外面outside,在里面inside,国外abroad,upstairs楼上,downstairs楼下;

时间副词:今天today;路程副词:away。

时间、地点、路程作状语跟句子中其他成份在语法上没有关联,它们可以作表语。

状语最大的作用是修饰动词。在中文中的标志是“地”,英文标志“ly”。

3. 重要的副词:hardly,never,certainly,well,seriously严肃地 认真地严重地,once,twice, three times,seldom很少 不常,later稍后 随后,,lately近来,likely或许 很可能,nearby附近,northeast东北地,northwest西北,wherever somewhere, anywhere,nowhere。

(二)状语从句

我们以前学了副词有两种,一种是修饰动词的,还有一种就是不是修饰动词的,如表达地点与时间的词在句子成份上作状语的,这也是个规定罢了。状语从句就一句子替代了单个副词。

1. 地点状语从句:  地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。  Where I live there are plenty of trees.  

我住的地方树很多。  

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.  

不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

2 .方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,

意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如: do this as I have told you.如我告诉你那样去做。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

['bækwəd] adj. 落后的。[swi:p] vt. & vi. 扫, 打扫, 拂去 正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2) as if, as though  两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。

汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如: They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

Completely [kəm'pli:tli] adv. 完整地, 完全地.

ignore[iɡ'nɔ:] vt. 不顾, 不理, 忽视.

exist [iɡ'zist]vi. 存在,;生存,幸存 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。) He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。) It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。) 说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如: He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.,他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。

Stare at [stɛə] vt. & vi. 凝视; 瞪视 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。

dash[dæʃ] vi. 冲; 猛冲

3.原因状语从句比较:because, since, as和for 1) because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。  I didn't go, because I was afraid.  Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

['dʒə:ni] n. 旅行; 行程2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。  He is Absent today, because / for he is ill.

Absent ['æbsənt] adj. 缺席的, 不在场的  He must be ill, for he is absent today.

4. 目的状语从句

表示目的状语的从句可以由that、 以便so that 、为了in order that,、惟恐、免得lest、唯恐,害怕for fear that、 in case免得、以防 等词引导,例如:   You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.   He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.   Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

5. 结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。比较:so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。 so foolish       

such a fool        so nice a flower    

such a nice flower     so many / few flowers 

such nice flowers     so much / little money.

such rapid progress, ['prəuɡres] n. 进步

so many people     

such a lot of people   ( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。)  so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。  The boy is so young that he can't go to school.  He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

6. 条件状语从句

连接词主要有: 如果if、 除非, 如果不unless、只要as/so long as,、如果 on condition that 等。.  unless = if not考试重点.    Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. 典型例题You will be late ___ you leave immediately.  A. unless  B. until  C. if  D. or 答案A。 句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you don't leave immediately, or you will be late. B、D句意不对,or表转折.

7. 让步状语从句 考试重点

though, although[ɔ:l'ðəu] conj. 尽管, 虽然;但是, 然而 注意: 当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

[fi:ld]  n. 田, 地, 牧场.

虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 

虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.

sore[sɔ:] adj. 疼痛的;使人伤心的. heal [hi:l] vt. & vi. (使)愈合, 治愈, (使)恢复健康.scar[skɑ:] n. 伤痕, 伤疤 8.时间状语: 比较while, when, as考试重点

1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。    Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。    When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while。    As the day went on, the weather goes warm.

4)while只能跟延续性动词,when既可跟延续性的又可跟不能延续性的动词,所以有时通用。

When I got home, my mother was cooking. While my mother was cooking, I got home.

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