高考考纲核心词汇全析（必修一词汇重点解析）

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高考考纲核心词汇全析

Unit1-3

知识讲解

单词部分：  add

【点拨】v. 增加，增添

Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？

A new wing was added to the building. 这座大楼新添了一座边房。

add还可表示“补充说”，后常接从句。

He added that Jason lost money because he would not tell a lie.（2015高考湖北卷）

他补充说Jason丢钱了，因为他不会说谎。

【拓展】 add to; add…to…; add up to

add to = increase, raise 增加，增添

She even did extra work to add to the family income.

他甚至加班加点，以增加家庭收入。

I don’t want to add to your trouble. 我不想增加你的麻烦。

add…to… 把……加到……上去 (to join numbers, amount, etc. so as to find the total)，主语是人或物。分写时add为及物动词，但add不单独作谓语，必须和to连用。不可说four adds nine。可说：

If you add four to nine, you get thirteen. 四加九等于十三。

If four is added to nine, it makes thirteen. 或Four added to nine makes thirteen.

这里added to nine是过去分词短语，修饰four，four added to nine是主语，makes thirteen是谓语。

He added some sugar to the coffee.

他给咖啡里加了些糖。 add up /together to 合计、加起来总和是。引申义可表示“意味着（=mean）”。

Five and fifteen add up to twenty.五加十五是二十。

I don’t think these facts will add up to anything. 这些事实我看不说明任何问题。

His words add up to this: we should serve the people heart and soul.

他说的意思是：我们应该全心全意为人民服务。

She gave many excuses, but what they added up to was that she didn’t want to come.

她提出了种种借口，但只不过说明她不想来。

addition n. 附加物；additional adj. 附加的；in addition to 除……之外

In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.(2016 上海高考) 在新的轨道上，除了电动扶梯禁止在高峰期走动外，其他上行的扶梯将被用作_______.

In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space. (2016 江苏高考) 另外，虽然有时间和空间的不便，互联网使得调查和投票变得简单而且便利。concern

【点拨】n. 担心，关心，关系； v. 涉及，有关 One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is how they can remain healthy for long in space. (2015 湖北高考)

美国航空航天局对宇航员的关注之一是他们怎么样在太空长时间保持健康。Don’t be involved in what doesn’t concern you.

不要管那些与你无关的事。

Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). (2016 新课标Ⅱ高考)

其他人在关心需要更少的水和肥料的园艺的方法。

Some undocumented immigrants have concern over it. （2016 安徽省蚌埠市第二中学模拟）

有些非法入境的移民对此有顾虑。【拓展】show/express concern about/ for 对……表示关心/担心

have concern with 和……有关系

with concern 关切地

concern oneself about/ for 担忧/关心……

concern oneself with 从事，参与……

concern sb. / sth. 与……有关

派生词汇：

concerned adj. 有关的；担心的

be concerned about/ over/for 关心；挂念

be concerned with/ in 牵扯进/参与……

all parties concerned 有关各方

as/so far as …be concerned 就……而言



prefer

【点拨】vt 宁可，宁愿（选择），更喜欢 ：

“I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.” (2016 四川高考)

我更愿意拍摄黑白照片，他们让我更清晰地呈现一些与众不同的世界。

She preferred taking online courses. (2016 四川高考)

她更愿意上在线课程。

They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.（2016 高考新课标丙卷）

他们需要以某种方式激发（灵感），并且他们更倾向于喜欢好消息而不是坏消息。

What kind of department do the speakers prefer?(2015 福建高考)

这些说话者更喜欢哪种部门？

提出（声明，请求，控诉）：

prefer a charge against sb. 向某人提出控告

prefer sth. / to do sth. / sb to do sth. 更喜欢；较喜欢

prefer doing A to doing B 与做B事相比，宁愿做A事

prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜欢A 胜于B

prefer to do…rather than do…＝would rather do than do…／would do…rather than do…

宁愿做…… 而不愿做 ……

注意：prefer sth. to sth. 中的to是介词；prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.中to 是动词不定式的符号。

【拓展】 preferable adj. 更可取的，更合意的； preference n. 喜爱，偏爱



request

【点拨】 n.& v. 请求；要求 请求；

By the end of the first chapter，requests were coming from the back seat: “Please read a little louder.” (2016 四川高考)

在第一章结束的时候，从后座传来一个请求：请读大声一点。

Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。. I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。

request sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事

You are (kindly) requested not to smoke. 请不要吸烟。

I came at your (special) request. 我是（特别）应你要求而来。

【拓展】 像 command 一样，request后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should) 动词原形”。

request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事

He requested that they should come early. 他请求他们要早来。

用法类似的词有： 一个“坚持(insist)”； 两个“命令(order，command)”； 三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”； 四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”。



reliable

【点拨】adj. 可靠的，可信的；rely v. 依靠，依赖

That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. In short，he’s reliable. (2016 浙江高考)

这个年轻人诚实、具有协作精神，且总是乐于助人。总之，他是一个值得信赖的人。

She may be slow but at least she's reliable.

她迟钝是迟钝，但无论如何她很可靠。

Jane is reliable, but I'm not so sure about Jim.

简是信得过的，至于吉姆，我就不敢说了。

He won't let you down; he's reliable. 他值得信赖，不会让你失望。

In respect of financial standing, this firm is reliable.

在资信方面，这家商行还是很可靠的。

The news comes from a reliable source. 这消息来自可靠的来源。

I don't think he is a reliable man. 我认为他不是一个可靠的人。



persuade

【点拨】 作"说服；劝服"解时，persuade主要用法有：

通常接不定式的复合结构，即persuade sb. to do sth. 意为"说服某人干某事"。有时，可以只跟一个名词或代词，省略其后的不定式。

I wish you could persuade her to think it over. 我希望你说服她仔细考虑此事。

He strongly urged me to go abroad for further education, and finally he persuaded me.

他强烈要求我去国外进修，并最终说服了我。

persuade sb. into doing sth./persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

How can we persuade them into joining us?

我们怎样才能说服他们加入我们呢？

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