初中英语形容词与副词（初中英语之形容词与副词详解）

形容词与副词

形容词和副词在语法结构上都有比较级和最高级，它们的构成方法基本上一样，都与音节多少有关，有些形容词和副词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式。二者基本分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。

1．形容词与副词的用法

形容词中有词形相近的，也有词义相近的，应注意区别。如：

1)behind(在后的)---hind(后部的)，considerate(周到的，体贴的)---considerable(应考虑的)，eminent(闻名的)--imminent(紧迫的)，gracious(亲切的)---graceful(优雅的)，like(有生命的)---alive(活的)，industrious(勤劳的)--industrial(工业的)，like(同样的)---alike(同样的，仅作表语)，opposite(相对的)---opposing(反对的)，perspective(透视的)---respective(各自的)，sensitive(伤感的)---sensible(明显的)，etc，。例如：

We did enjoy your staying in Beijing，and Mrs. Yan is really considerate．

Professor Li has many world-famous inventions，and he is respectable to us．

As any one knows that we use our front teeth for biting and our hind teeth for chewing．

It’s a considerable success for him．

2)elemental(初步的)--fundamental(基本的)，eligible(合格的)--capable(能干的)，flexible(灵活的)--changeable(可改变的)，initial(最初的)--preliminary(初步的，预备的)，slack(松弛的)--lazy(懒惰的)，valueless(无价值的)--priceless(无价的)，vivid(生动的)一living(活的)，etc．。例如：

Henry’s speech was so vivid that his audience applauded againand again，

It is easier to adapt to new situations if one has a flexible attitude．

We have finished the preliminary exam．

Your suggestion is priceless，and 1 will consider carefully．

3)有些词尾为-ly的并非副词，而是形容词，如：lovdy，likdy，deadly，earthly(现世的)，leisurdy(空闲的)，weekly，yearly，manly(丈夫气概的)，brotherly，friendly等。例如：

What a lovely girl Jenny is．She is always ready to help others．

China Daily is of course a daily newspaper but not a weekly one．

He is a very friendly young man．

As he didn't have anyexperience，he was likely to have problems．

以下情况形容词常用于后置：1)形容词短语，即形容词 副词，介词短语或不定式。2) 一些表语性形容词要后置，如：present，available，involved，concerned，etc, 。3)形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，everything时要后置。例如：

There was something nice about my feeling that she knew a11．

For this reason，as well as the additional cost involved，flow force compensation is generally not desirable．

I came across another question hard to answer then．

I wondered if there was a room available．

副词的位置为：修饰哪个词就放在哪个词前面；放在系动词和助动词之后，行为动词和分词之前。例如：

I had only five-dollar bill with me when l boarded the townward train．

The old law were instituted to protect the long neglected rights of children.

I can hardly believe that he is the murderer．

Although he has advantages，it is still too early to say that he is sure to win．

2．比较级与最高级的基本形式和用法

形容词的比较级和最高级的构成为：单音节词一般在词尾加-er和-est。如果以-e结尾，仅加-r和-st；如末尾仅有一个辅音字母，须双写词尾冉加-er和-est；如果以y结尾的，把y变i，加-er，-est；多音节单词和双音节词(其中包括由分词和分词演变而来的形容词，如：known，

worn，wounded，shocking，striking，interesting，ect, 则在其前加more和most；有些形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，如：good(well)-better-best，bad(ill)-worse-worst，many(much)-more-most，little-less-least，far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)。有些形容词没

有比较级形式，如：absolute，chief，entire，eternal，excellent，fatal，final，foremost，inevitable，infinite，main，naked，perfect，possible，primary，right，sufficient，supreme，universal，utter，vital，whole，wooden，etc，例如：

Mary is the best student in the class．

Further negotiation will be conducted next month．

The food we have is sufficient.

Needless to say，he is stronger than his opponent．

一般副词的比较级和最高级与形容词一样，单音节的以在词尾加-er和-est构成，多音节的以加more和most的方法构成；有些比较特殊，如：well—better-best，badly-worse-worst，much-more-most，little-less-least。以-ly结尾的副词，在其前面加more，most, 例如：

Tonny runs most quickly than any other students in the class．

Which do you like best，Thorn Birds，Gone With the Wind Or Great Expectation?

I prefer less sugar in the milk．

She gets more income every month than her husband．

形容词和副词的原级比较由"as 形容词或副词(或后跟名词或短语) as"构成，“as…as’’前可加not，just，almost，nearly，quite，twice，several times等词修饰。否定式中not后面的as可改为so。例如：

Running for fifteen minutes will burn as many calories as walking for thirty minutes．

Henan province is several times as large as Shanghai．

Jimmy has as nervous a ways peaking as his father．

Getting rid of a bad habit isn't so simple as taking it up．

形容词和副词的比较级形式为：“形容词(副词)比较级 than …”，应注意than前后相比较的人或物要一致。比较级前可以跟even，much，still等副词修饰比较级，表示强调。例如：

Mother worried much more about my younger brother than she did about me．

Sound travels faster through water than throughI air．

The economic development in South China is faster than that in North China．

My books are much more than Li Ping's．

形容词和副词的最高级的形式分别为：“the 形容词最高级十名词 范围表达”和“副词最高级 名词 范围表达”，副词的比较级和最高级不需要加the。例如：

Our foreign exchange reserve didn't decline despite the worst flood in sixty years．

I finisbed the work more successfully than he had expected．

应注意以下表达式的含义：the same…as(和……一样)，no less than(不少于)，not less than(只有)，had better(最好)，less than(不到)，more or less(或多或少)，other than(除了)，rather than(而不是)，the more…the more/less(越……就越……)例如：

I am sure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed．

You had better finisll your homework today for the teacher will collect it tomorrow．

We have received ten dozen of personal computers which are less than the amount we ordered．

The visltors to the exhibition were not less than three hundred，which disappointed them very much．

,