可以吃的红色浆果（又有一种浆果被包装成）

最近，又有一种水果被各路商家包装成神药出售了，那就是沙棘。

沙棘原产于中国和俄罗斯高纬度地区，现在很多地方都有种植，甚至加拿大的萨斯喀彻温省也有种植。沙棘果有很长的食用历史，在中药中被用来治疗皮肤疾病和消化问题。一般使用沙棘全果或沙棘油作为药物使用。

和其他浆果一样，沙棘也含有丰富的维生素C，维生素A和各种生物类黄酮和类胡萝卜素，但是至今没有关于这种植物医疗价值的清晰记载。

唯一一项设计良好，具有实质意义的实验是一项有关沙棘能降低感冒频次并提高耐受的实验【1】，在这项实验中，有254名实验者参与，但是最终实验失败。

但是在实验中，研究人员发现食用沙棘果可能会降低体内C反应蛋白，高C反应蛋白可能升高心脏疾病的危险，现在还不清楚降低C反应蛋白是否会降低心脏病危险。一项前沿理论认为C反应蛋白能反映出存在某种未确认但可能加速动脉硬化的细菌，如果这项理论被确认，则降低C反应蛋白并不能降低这种细菌的数量。换句话说，降低C反应蛋白只是隐藏了问题而不是解决问题本身。

除此之外，这项实验本身设计是用来验证沙棘同感冒之间关系的，而不是同C反应蛋白之间的关系。如果在试验中获得了与原实验不相关的数据，这被称为数据捕捞，通常会导致错误的结论。

如果要验证沙棘同C反应蛋白水平的联系，需要针对这个问题来制定方案。

还有其他一些实验认为沙棘能预防或治疗心血管疾病【2-8】，治疗胃溃疡【9-13】，降低癌症治疗副作用【14-22】，治疗肝硬化【23】，外伤恢复【24-28】等，但是这些实验同以上讲的沙棘同感冒关系的实验类似，实验结果都不足以证明结论。还有一项实验认为口服沙棘提取物能对湿疹有益【29】，但是事实上安慰剂对照组可能更有效。

沙棘果作为一种广泛食用的水果一般认为是安全的，但是沙棘油的安全性未知，至今没有建立沙棘油的安全性研究，也没有怀孕，哺乳期妇女，儿童，肝肾功能严重不全人群的安全性研究。

营养主义Nutrilism认为，沙棘含有一些营养元素，如果没有相关禁忌（参见Nutrilism知识库），可以作为普通浆果作为口味调剂，但是没有必要花大价钱作为营养摄入必需品甚至药品来用。如果想身体健康，请先满足每日营养摄入需求，虽然基本上无法达到。

【1】Effects of sea buckthorn berries on infections and inflammation: a double blind,randomized,placebo controlled trial.

【2】Absorption of flavonols derived from sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and their effect on emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease in humans.

【3】Effects of total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on intracellular free calcium in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats.

【4】Inhibitory effects of total flavones of Hippophae Rhamnoides L. on thrombosis in mouse femoral artery and in vitro platelet aggregation.

【5】Effect of total flavonoids of hippophae rhamnoides on contractile mechanics and calcium transfer in stretched myocyte.

【6】Effects of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on cultured rat heart cells and on cAMP level and adenylate cyclase in myocardium.

【7】The protective effect of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on hyperlipidemic serum cultured smooth muscle cells in vitro.

【8】Effects of an antioxidantrich juice (sea buckthorn) on risk factors for coronary heart disease in humans.

【9】Effects of sea buckthorn procyanidins on healing of acetic acidinduced lesions in the rat stomach. 

【10】In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases. J

【11】Effects of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed and pulp oils on experimental models of gastric ulcer in rats.

【12】Antiulcerogenic effect of Hippophae rhamnoides L.Phytother Res.

【13】The antigastroulcerative activity of beta-sitosterol-beta-Dglucoside and its aglycone in rats.

【14】Protection of spermatogenesis in mice against gamma ray induced damage by Hippophae rhamnoides.

【15】Modification of gamma radiation induced response of peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes by Hippophae rhamnoides (RH3) in mice.

【16】Modification of gamma radiation induced response of peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes by Hippophae rhamnoides (RH3) in mice.

【17】Induction of apoptosis in thymocytes by Hippophae rhamnoides: implications in radioprotection.

【18】Protection of jejunal crypts by RH3(a preparation of Hippophae rhamnoides) against lethal whole body gamma irradiation.

【19】Protective effect of RH3 with special reference to radiation induced micronuclei in mouse bone marrow.

【20】Modulation of chromatin organization by RH3,a preparation of Hippophae rhamnoides, a possible role in radioprotection.

【21】Radioprotection by a herbal preparation of Hippophae rhamnoides, RH­3, against whole body lethal irradiation in mice.

【22】The study on the effects of the oil from Hippophae rhamnoides in hematopoiesis].

【23】Effect of sea buckthorn on liver fibrosis: a clinical study.

【24】Influence of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) flavone on dermal wound healing in rats.

【25】Management of burn wounds with Hippophae rhamnoides oil. 

【26】A preclinical study of the effects of seabuckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract on cutaneous wound healing in albino rats.

【27】Total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides promotes early restoration of ultimate stress of healing patellar tendon in a rat model.

【28】The effect of an extract of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on the healing of experimental skin wounds in rats.

【29】Effects of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on atopic dermatitis.

更多保健品及营养知识，保健品及营养方案私人订制尽在营养主义Nutrilism.com