哪些演员是盎格鲁撒克逊人 盎格鲁撒克逊人Anglo-Saxon

Prepare for battle kids, because we're about to take a trip back in time in our Anglo-Saxon facts, to a time 1,600 years ago when fierce warriors ruled Great Britain!

准备战斗的孩子们，因为我们将要回到盎格鲁撒克逊时代，回到1600年前，当凶猛的战士统治英国的时候！

Ever wondered what it might be like stepping foot in Anglo-Saxon England? Find everything you'll ever need to know about these fierce people in our mighty fact file。

有没有想过踏足盎格鲁撒克逊英格兰会是什么感觉？在我们强大的事实档案中找到你需要知道的关于这些凶残的人的一切。

Anglo-Saxon facts: Who were they?

盎格鲁撒克逊：他们是谁？

The Anglo-Saxons were a group of farmer-warriors who lived in Britain over a thousand years ago.

盎格鲁撒克逊人是一群生活在英国一千多年前的农民战士。

Made up of three tribes who came over from Europe, they were called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes. The two largest were the Angle and Saxon, which is how we've come to know them as the Anglo-Saxons today.

他们由来自欧洲的三个部落组成，被称为安格尔、撒克逊和黄麻部落。最大的两个是盎格鲁和撒克逊人，这就是我们今天所知道的盎格鲁撒克逊人。

They were fierce people, who fought many battles during their rule of Britain – often fighting each other! Each tribe was ruled by its own strong warrior who settled their people in different parts of the country.

他们是凶猛的民族，在他们统治英国的过程中打过很多仗——经常互相争斗！每一个部落都由自己强大的战士统治，他们把自己的人民安置在国家的不同地区。

When did the Anglo-Saxons invade Britain?

盎格鲁撒克逊人什么时候入侵英国的？

The Anglo-Saxons first tried invading in the 4th century, but the Roman army were quick to send them home again! Years later – around 450AD – the left Britain, the Anglo-Saxons seized their chance and this time they were successful!

盎格鲁撒克逊人第一次试图入侵是在4世纪，但是罗马军队很快又把他们送回家了！几年后，大约公元450年，古罗马人离开了英国，盎格鲁撒克逊人抓住了机会，这次他们成功了！

They left their homes in Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark and sailed over to Britain on wooden boats. Many of them were farmers before they came to Britain and it's thought they were on the look-out for new land as floodwaters back home had made it almost impossible to farm.

他们离开了在德国、荷兰和丹麦的家，乘木船驶向英国。他们中的许多人在来到英国之前是农民，人们认为他们正在寻找新的土地，因为家乡的洪水几乎使他们无法耕种。

Anglo-Saxon houses

盎格鲁撒克逊住宅

The Anglo-Saxons didn't like the stone houses and streets left by the Romans, so they built their own villages. They looked for land which had lots of natural resources like food, water and wood to build and heat their homes, and Britain's forests had everything they needed. They surrounded each village with a high fence to protect cattle from wild animals like foxes and wolves, and to keep out their enemies, too!

盎格鲁撒克逊人不喜欢罗马人留下的石屋和街道，所以他们建造了自己的村庄。他们寻找有很多自然资源如食物、水和木材的土地来建造和取暖他们的家园，英国的森林有他们所需要的一切。他们用一道高高的篱笆把每个村庄围起来，以保护牛不受狐狸和狼等野生动物的伤害，并把敌人挡在外面！

We know what Anglo-Saxon houses were like from excavations of Anglo-Saxon villages. They were small wooden huts with a straw roof, and inside was just one room in which the whole family lived, ate, slept and socialised together – much like an ancient version of open-plan living!

我们从盎格鲁撒克逊村庄的发掘中知道盎格鲁撒克逊的房屋是什么样的。这是一间小木屋，屋顶是稻草，里面只有一个房间，全家人在里面一起生活、吃饭、睡觉和社交——很像古代的开放式生活！

The biggest house in the village belonged to the chief, which was large enough to house him and all his warriors – and sometimes even the oxen, too! It was a long hall with a stone fire in the middle, and hunting trophies and battle armour hung from its walls. There were tiny windows and a hole in the roof to allow smoke to escape.

村里最大的房子是酋长的，房子大得足以容纳他和他的所有战士，有时甚至牛也可以！这是一个长长的大厅，中间有一堆石火，墙上挂着狩猎战利品和战斗盔甲。屋顶上有小窗户和一个可以让烟逸出的洞。

Anglo-Saxon place names

盎格鲁撒克逊地名

Many towns and villages still carry their Anglo-Saxon names today, including "England" which comes from the Saxon word "Angle-Land".

今天，许多城镇和村庄仍然保留着盎格鲁撒克逊人的名字，包括"英格兰"，它来自撒克逊语中的"安格尔土地"。

Early Anglo-Saxon villages were named after the leader of the tribe so everyone knew who was in charge. If you'd visited Reading in Anglo-Saxon times, you'd have been in Redda's village – Redda being the local chieftain.

早期的盎格鲁撒克逊村庄是以部落首领的名字命名的，所以每个人都知道谁是负责人。如果你在盎格鲁撒克逊时代访问过雷丁，你就会到雷达的村庄——雷达是当地的酋长。

The Anglo-Saxons settled in many different parts of the country – the Jutes ended up in Kent, the Angles in East Anglia, and the Saxons in parts of Essex, Wessex, Sussex and Middlesex (according to whether they lived East, West, South or in the middle!)

盎格鲁撒克逊人定居在这个国家的许多不同的地方——黄麻人最终定居在肯特，安格尔人定居在东安格利亚，撒克逊人定居在埃塞克斯、威塞克斯、苏塞克斯和米德尔塞克斯的部分地区（根据他们居住的是东、西、南还是中部！）

Not all Roman towns were abandoned, though. Some chiefs realised that a walled city made for a great fortress, so they built their wooden houses inside the walls of Roman towns like London.

不过，并不是所有的罗马城镇都被遗弃了。一些酋长意识到一座有城墙的城市是一座伟大的堡垒，于是他们在伦敦等罗马城镇的城墙内建造了自己的木屋。

Anglo-Saxon food

盎格鲁撒克逊食物

Perhaps one of our favourite Anglo-Saxon facts is how much they liked to party! They loved a good meal and would often host huge feasts in the chief's hall. Meat was cooked on the fire and they ate bread, drank beer and sang songs long into the night!

也许我们最喜欢的盎格鲁撒克逊事实之一是他们多么喜欢聚会！他们喜欢一顿丰盛的饭菜，常常在酋长的大厅里举行盛大的宴会。肉是在火上煮的，他们吃面包，喝啤酒，唱歌唱到深夜！

They grew wheat, barley and oats for making bread and porridge, grew fruit and vegetables like carrots, parsnips and apples, and kept pigs, sheep and cattle for meat, wool and milk.

他们种小麦、大麦、燕麦作面包和粥，种胡萝卜、防风、苹果等水果和蔬菜，养猪、羊、牛作肉、毛、奶。

They were a very resourceful people – everything had its use and nothing went to waste. Animal fat could be used as oil for lamps, knife handles could be made out of deer antlers and even glue could be made from cows.

他们是一个足智多谋的民族——一切都有用处，没有浪费。动物脂肪可以用作灯油，刀柄可以用鹿角制成，甚至可以用牛制成胶水。

Anglo-Saxon clothes

盎格鲁撒克逊服饰

Anglo-Saxons made their own clothes out of natural materials. The men wore long-sleeved tunics made of wool or linen, often decorated with a pattern. Their trousers were woollen and held up by a leather belt from which they could hang their tools such as knives and pouches. Shoes were usually made out of leather and fastened with laces or toggles.

盎格鲁撒克逊人用天然材料制作自己的衣服。这些人穿着羊毛或亚麻制成的长袖束腰外衣，通常装饰有图案。他们的裤子是羊毛的，系着一条皮带，可以把刀子和袋子等工具挂在皮带上。鞋子通常由皮革制成，用鞋带或套环系紧。

The women would wear an under-dress of linen or wool and an outer-dress like a pinafore called a "peplos" which was held onto the underlayer by two brooches on the shoulders. Anglo-Saxon women loved a bit of bling and often wore beaded necklaces, bracelets and rings, too!

女人们会穿一件亚麻或羊毛的内衣和一件叫做"peplos"的围裙，这件围裙是由肩膀上的两个胸针固定在垫子上的。盎格鲁撒克逊妇女喜欢一点珠宝，经常戴着串珠项链，手镯和戒指。

Anglo-Saxon gods

盎格鲁撒克逊神

Grand stone buildings, such as Westminster Abbey, replaced the wooden Anglo-Saxon structures after the Normans invaded in 1066.

Many of today's Christian traditions came from the Anglo-Saxons, but they weren't always Christians. When they first came over from Europe they were Pagans, worshipping lots of different gods who they believed looked different parts of their life, such as family, crop growing, weather and even war.

1066年诺曼人入侵后，威斯敏斯特大教堂等宏伟的石头建筑取代了木制的盎格鲁撒克逊建筑

今天的许多基督教传统来自盎格鲁撒克逊人，但他们并不总是基督徒。当他们第一次从欧洲来到这里时，他们是异教徒，崇拜许多不同的神，他们相信这些神看起来是他们生活的不同部分，如家庭、农作物种植、天气甚至战争。

The Anglo-Saxons would pray to the Pagan gods to give them good health, a plentiful harvest or success in battle.

It wasn't until the Pope in Rome sent over a missionary – a monk called Augustine – to England in 597AD, that the Anglo-Saxons became Christians. Augustine convinced the Anglo-Saxon King Ethelbert of Kent to convert to Christianity and slowly the rest of the country followed suit. Pagan temples were turned into churches and more churches (built of wood) started popping up all over Britain.

盎格鲁撒克逊人会祈祷异教徒的神给他们健康，丰收或在战斗中取得成功。

直到公元597年罗马教皇派一位传教士（一位叫奥古斯丁的僧侣）到英国，盎格鲁撒克逊人才成为基督徒。奥古斯丁说服了肯特的盎格鲁撒克逊国王埃瑟尔伯特皈依基督教，慢慢地，这个国家的其他地方也效仿了。异教徒的寺庙变成了教堂，越来越多的教堂（用木头建造）开始在英国遍地开花。

Who invaded after the Anglo-Saxons?

谁在盎格鲁撒克逊人之后入侵？

From 793AD, the Vikings invaded Anglo-Saxon Britain several times, plundering and raiding towns and villages along the British coastline. The Anglo-Saxons tried to hold them back but groups of Vikings eventually settled in different parts of the country, especially York (or Jorvik, as they named it) – making it the second biggest city after London. The next invasion came in 1066AD, in one of the most famous battles of our history – the Battle of Hastings. When the Anglo-Saxon King Edward died without an heir, a new king was chosen to rule England – King Harold II. William the Conqueror of Normandy and Harald Hardrada, the King of Norway, weren't keen on the new English king and thought that they both had the right to rule Britain.

从公元793年开始，维京人多次入侵盎格鲁撒克逊不列颠，掠夺和袭击不列颠海岸线上的城镇和村庄。盎格鲁撒克逊人试图阻止他们，但维京人最终定居在该国的不同地区，特别是约克（约克，或约克，他们称之为约克），使其成为仅次于伦敦的第二大城市。下一次入侵发生在公元1066年，历史上最著名的战役之一——黑斯廷斯战役。当盎格鲁撒克逊国王爱德华死后没有继承人，一位新国王被选来统治英格兰——哈罗德二世国王。诺曼底征服者威廉和挪威国王哈拉尔德·哈德拉都不喜欢这位新的英国国王，认为他们都有权统治英国。

A descendant of Viking raiders, William brought his army of Normans to Britain to take on the new king, and on 14 October 1066, the two armies fought at the Battle of Hastings. The Normans were victorious and Harold was killed. This signalled the end of Anglo-Saxon rule in Britain. England now had a Norman king, King William I, or William the Conqueror.

威廉是北欧海盗袭击者的后代，他率领诺曼底军队来到英国迎战新国王，1066年10月14日，两军在黑斯廷斯战役中交战。诺曼人胜利了，哈罗德被杀了。这标志着英国盎格鲁撒克逊统治的结束。英国现在有了诺曼国王威廉一世或征服者威廉。

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