虚拟语气详细全部知识点(手把手教你掌握)

虚拟语气详细全部知识点(手把手教你掌握)(1)

考点一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用

1. if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。通常有三种情况:

与过去事实相反,从句中谓语动词用过去完成时表示。

与现在事实相反,从句中谓语动词用一般过去时表示。

与将来事实可能相反,从句中谓语动词用过去将来时表示。 

【考例1】 Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.

A. had not fallen B. would not fall

C. did not fall D. would not have fallen

解析:D。

句意:如果不是政府和科学家共同努力的话,艾滋病的死亡率就不会从2005年的最高点降下来。此句中将条件句的if省略,并将had提前,构成倒装。主句用“would have done”形式表示对过去情况的虚拟。

【考例2】 We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A. are B. were C. will be D. would be

解析:D。

如果你没有丢掉地图,我们现在就回到宾馆了。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟,谓语动词应为:would/should/could/might do结构。

2. 错综时间条件句(混合条件句):通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。

【考例1 If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now.

A. will be B. would be

C. has been D. would have been

解析:B。

要是以前他能多花些时间练习说英语,现在就能说得更好些了。从句是对过去事实的虚拟,谓语用had done,而主句则是对现在(now)事实的一种假设,用would 动词原形。

【考例2 If it ______ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.

A. had not been B. should not be

C. were not to be D. should not have been

解析:A。

句意:如果不是因为前几天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。If从句是对过去事实的虚拟,使用过去完成时,而主句则表示与现在事实相反。

3. 含蓄条件句(暗含条件句):有些句子中,没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句,但却用虚拟语气,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分,要么隐含在上下文中。

1) 用otherwise, or, but等暗示前面的条件。

2) 用with, without, but for等介词短语表达条件。

【考例1】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number?

—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday.

A. hadn’t

B. wouldn’t have been

C. weren’t

D. wouldn’t be

解析:B。

——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?——有。否则,昨天我就不能联系到她了。根据题干中的yesterday可知,此处是对过去发生的事情的假设,故应用would have done形式。

【考例2】 Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

A. didn’t write

B. hadn’t written

C. wouldn’t write

D. wouldn’t have written

解析:D。

如果没有他的战争经历,海明威也不会写出名作A Farewell to Arms。表示对过去事实的虚拟。

4. if省略句:在条件句中可省略if,把were, should或had 移到从句句首,进行倒装。

【考例】 ______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were B. Were it

C. It was D. Was it

解析:B。

句意:没有老师们的支持,这个学生不可能克服她的困难。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知,此处是对现在事实的假设,be动词在虚拟语气中常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件句省略了if时,从句部分应使用倒装结构。

考点二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

【考例1】 Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.

A. was B. be C. were D. is

解析:B。

recommend后接从句省略should,直接用be。

【考例2】 My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should B. might C. could D. would

解析:A。

表示建议的suggest后接可省略should的宾语从句。

【考例3】 —Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.

—I wish they ______ always late.

A. weren’t B. hadn’t been

C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been

解析:A。

“孩子们在哪里?这顿饭彻底毁了。” “我希望他们不要总是迟到。”从Where are the children?可知,说话人指现在。根据动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的用法可知,表示与现在事实相反的情况时,从句用一般过去时。

考点三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用

1. 在it is (high) time (that)…句型中,从句谓语动词用过去式或“should 动词原形”。

【考例】 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ______ something instead of just talking.

A. will do B. has done

C. do D. did

解析:D。

在句型 It’s high time that…中, 从句中的谓语动词用did或should do。

2. would rather 从句。在这种结构中,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。

【考例】 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ______ more on its culture.

A. focus B. focused

C. would focus D. had focused

解析:B。

乔治打算谈论他国家的地理,但是我宁愿他更关注它的文化。would rather后应用虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,用动词的一般过去时。

3. as if (as though), even if(even though)等引导的表语从句和状语从句中的应用。其用法同if引导的条件状语从句。

【考例】 Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.

A. is B. were

C. has been D. had been

解析:B。

对现在的虚拟用were。

4. 虚拟语气在口语交际中省略的应用

【考例】 —It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______.

A. hadn’t B. haven’t

C. didn’t D. don’t

解析:A。

如果我们不带伞的话就淋湿了。与过去事实相反,从句用hadn’t done。

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