飞机通讯干扰英文怎么说(飞机上的黑匣子)

飞机黑匣子是电子飞行记录仪(flight recorder)的俗称,是判断飞行事故原因最重要及最直接的证据。

按照国际惯例它一般被装置在橘红色盒子内,在外观上涂有“飞行记录器,请勿开启("Flight recorder do not open")”的字样。

飞机通讯干扰英文怎么说(飞机上的黑匣子)(1)

飞机上的黑匣子到底是什么样的仪器,它都有哪些功能,我们一起来了解一下。

Black boxes - which are actually orange - are a group of data collection devices mounted in the tail of an aircraft.

黑匣子其实是橙色的,它是安装在飞机尾部的一组数据收集设备。

Under internationally agreed regulations, commercial aircraft must carry the equipment to record the performance and the condition of the aircraft in flight.

根据国际通行规定,商用飞机必须携带黑匣子来记录飞机在飞行过程中的性能和状况。

The recorders are housed in immensely strong materials, such as titanium, and insulated to withstand a crash impact many times the force of gravity, temperatures of more than 1,000 deg C for up to 30 minutes and the immense pressure of lying on the seabed.

这些记录仪都被装在钛等高强度的材料内,可以承受多倍重力强度的撞击,能在1000摄氏度以上的高温中耐受30分钟,还能承受沉入海底时的水下压力。

One manufacturing test for data recorders involves firing them from a cannon into a wall to simulate an aircraft suffering a catastrophic crash landing while traveling at hundreds of miles an hour.

生产这些数据记录仪时的测试之一就是用大炮将它们射向一面墙,来模拟飞机在以数百英里的时速飞行的情况下遭遇毁灭性坠毁着陆时的情景。

The recording material is itself insulated against accidental deletion and the corrosive effects of sea water.

记录仪本身的材料可以防止任何意外删除及海水腐蚀。

The safety precautions are designed to ensure, theoretically, that accident investigators will be able to recover the recorders, compile a full picture of an aircraft's last moments from the recordings and then accurately explain what went wrong.

理论上来说,这些安全防范措施是为了确保事故调查人员能找到这些记录仪,通过所有记录的内容了解到飞机在出事前最后时刻的整体状况,以便准确解释事故原因。

黑匣子只是一个代名词,实际上飞行记录仪是被装置在橘色(bright orange)的匣子内,应该被称为“橘匣子”,只不过因为黑色不太好寻找,橘色波长较长,容易被观测到。

A flight recorder is an electronic recording device placed in an aircraft for the purpose of facilitating the investigation of aviation accidents and incidents. Flight recorders are also known by the misnomer black box—they are, in fact, painted bright orange in color to aid in their recovery after accidents.

▍黑匣子里主要包括两部分数据:

飞机的飞行数据(flight data):在这里主要包括飞机的航向、飞行高度、飞机飞行状态、飞机飞行速度、燃油情况、飞机内温度等数据,专家可以借助飞机失事前的飞行数据,分析导致飞机失事的可能原因,或者是飞行员误操作,或者是发生撞击,再或者是异常天气、飞机自身故障等等;

机舱内的录音数据(cockpit voice):飞行员之间的对话,可以最好地反映飞机失事前面临的状况。

飞机通讯干扰英文怎么说(飞机上的黑匣子)(2)

The black box is made up of two separate pieces of equipment: the flight data recorder (FDR) and a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). FDRs record things like airspeed, altitude, vertical acceleration and fuel flow. The CVRs track the crew's interactions with each other and air traffic control, but also background noise that can give vital clues to investigators.

飞行数据记录仪(FDR)和舱声录音器(CVR)。FDR记录飞行速度、高度、垂直加速度和燃油流量等数据。CVR不仅记录机组人员之间的对话以及他们与塔台的对话,还记录背景噪音,这些可为调查人员提供关键线索。

根据民航业需求,黑匣子须保存断电前至少25小时的数据记录,以及2小时的音频信息。

飞机通讯干扰英文怎么说(飞机上的黑匣子)(3)

▍黑匣子的安全性

为了尽可能地保护黑匣子,它一般都被设置在飞机的机尾处,这样即使飞机失事坠毁,也可以尽可能地保护黑匣子不被破坏。

They are compulsory on any commercial flight or corporate jet, and are usually kept in the tail of an aircraft, where they are more likely to survive a crash.

黑匣子是商业飞机或公务机上的必备设备,通常安装在飞机尾部,这样更容易在飞机失事时保存下来。

飞机通讯干扰英文怎么说(飞机上的黑匣子)(4)

黑匣子被放进一个(或两个)特殊钢材制造的耐热抗震的容器中,此容器为球形或长方形,它能经受1100℃的高温30分钟而不被破坏,在海水中浸泡30天而不进水。

This box is made of Titanium metal and is enclosed in a Titanium box which gives it the strength to withstand any shock if it falls in the sea or falls from the height.

黑匣子的外壳一般由强度极高的钛合金制成,在从高处坠落或者掉入水中时,有极强的抗冲击。

It can work for 30 days without any electricity. It can withstand a temperature of 1100°C. When this box is lost anywhere, it keeps on emitting the waves along with a beep sound for about 30 days.

它可以在不充电的情况下连续工作30天、可经受1100°C的高温。无论丢失到哪里,黑匣子都会发射脉冲信号,并每秒发射一次"ping"信号,在电池耗尽之前可持续发射30天。

飞机通讯干扰英文怎么说(飞机上的黑匣子)(5)

为了便于寻找它的踪影,黑匣子的内部装有自动信号发生器能发射无线电信号,以便于空中搜索;还装有超声波水下定位信标,当黑匣子落入水中后可以自动连续30天发出超声波信号。

有了以上这些技术措施的保障, 不管是经过猛烈撞击的、烈火焚烧过的、掉入深海中的黑匣子,在飞机失事之后,大多数都能被寻找到。

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