条件状语从句与目的状语从句（句法篇三大从句之状语从句-）

·让步状语从句 让步从句子在英文中表示“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思，有汉语中我们常说的“退一步讲”之意，下面我们就来说一说关于条件状语从句与目的状语从句?我们一起去了解并探讨一下这个问题吧!

条件状语从句与目的状语从句

·让步状语从句

让步从句子在英文中表示“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思，有汉语中我们常说的“退一步讲”之意。

1.though,although,even if,if和even though

这几个词和短语都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if 和even though带有强调的意味，语气较强，though和although 语气较弱

。thought比although通俗，但不如although正式。让步状语从句可以放在【主句前或主句后】。例如：

按照汉语习惯,在“虽然”引导的从句后面常用“但是”作为主句的开始,

而英语却不允许在 though或 although从句后用but如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义,可在主句前加yet, still或 nevertheless(简单讲, though和 although不与but同时连用)

Although she has a lot of money, yet/stil she is unhappy.

她虽然有很多钱,但是却不幸福

Though all men were against him, nevertheless he persevered

虽然众人都反对,但他仍然坚持下去。

I had a very good time although/though even if /even though didn't know anybody at the party.

尽管在这次社交会上我谁也不认识,但我还是玩得很愉快。

Even though/ Even lAlthough you don't like wine, just try a glass of this.

即使你不喜欢喝酒,也请尝一尝吧。

Even if my tears turn into a stream in May, still it can't carry all my grief away.

便作春江都是泪,流不尽,许多愁。

当让步状语从句指某种假设的情况时,通常用 though,而不用 althoug

he Though everyone desert you, I will not.

哪怕人人都离你而去,我也不会

We'll leave as arranged though it might rain tomorrow.

即使明天下雨,我们也将按原计划动身。

as it was arranged --省略了一部分内容

it rans tomorrow=it might rain tommorw (情态动词构成语气）

even if和 even though引导的从句可用陈述语气或虚拟语气但含义有所不同。比较:

Even if I am busy, I will attend the meeting.

虽然忙,我也要参加会议。 (现在确实忙)

Even if I were busy, I would attend the meeting.

即使忙,我也要参加会议。（与现在事实相反）

(假设,可能不忙)(虚拟语气be动词，一律用were)

与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实相反 （虚拟语句）

============连词===================================================

2.while和whereas

while和whereas也可以引导让步从句，突出【对比主句和从句所表示的两种差异】的情况。

He is experienced while/whereas he is young.

他虽然年轻.但是很有经验。

experienced (动词的过去分词有形容词的作用），

I prefer working late in to ths night,while ownereas he would rather work early before dawn.

我喜欢工作到深夜，面他宁愿凌晨干活。

3.whether..or(not)

whether...or(not)可以引导让步状语从句，提供两个对比的情况，意为“不管……”。

例如：

Wnethed it rains or nol,I shall go out for an ouing tomorrow.

不管下不下雨，我明天都要去郊游。

Wnethed she comes here od we go there,the topic of discussion will remain unchanged.

不论她来这里或是我们去那里，论题仍然不变。

4.whatever,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever 和however

这几个词也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what/when/where/who/which/how，意思是“无论什么，无论何时，无论何处

，无论谁，无论哪一个无论加包”，表示【不论在什么条件下进行随意的选择】。例如：

Whatever/No matter what happens,we shall never lose hope.

无论发生什么，我们都不会失去信心。(主句与从句主语一样，可省略从句主语）

whoever/ No matter who you are,you must obey the school regulations.

不管是谁，都必须遵守校规。

Wherever/No matter where you go,I would keep you company.

不管你到哪里，我都会陪着你。

Whoever else may object,I shall approve.

不论谁反对我都会赞成。

However mean your life is,meet it and live it.

不论你的生活如何卑贱，你都要面对它，过好它。

I will tell on him ,whoever he is.

不论他是谁，我都要告发他。

Wnenever it happened,it was certainly not last Friday.

不管事情是什么时候发生的，肯定不是上星期五。

Wherever you saw the painting,it was not in the gallery.

你在哪里看见这幅画都有可能，但肯定不是在这个画廊里。

5.for all(that)

for all(that)意为“不管，虽然”，后接【从句或短语】。例如：

For all(that you say/ Whatever you may say /No matter what wou say,he will never change his plan.

不管你说什么，他也不会改变计划。

For all bour exulanationd,I understand no better than before.

尽管你作了解释，我还是不懂。

6.even now/then/so

这个短语相当于though it is true。例如：

The fire was out,but even so,the smell of smoke was strong.

虽然火已熄灭，但烟味仍很浓。

I've done my best but even now /even then she is not satisfied.

尽管我已尽了最大努力，但她仍不满足。

=============

7.granting/granted(that),assuming(that)和supposing（that)

这几个连词词组用法相同，意为“即使，就算”。例如：

Granting Granted (thall you don't like the proposal,you snouldn't have rejected it without consulting others.

即使你不喜欢这个建议，你也不应该没同别人商量就把它否决了。

Granting/ Granted that he has ability ,it does not mean that he can do the work well.

就算他有能力，但这也并不意味着他能把工作做好。

Supposing (thatl I lose my job tomorrow,I won' t beg his mercy.

即使我明天就丢了工作，我也不会乞求他的怜悯。

assuming that my business fails and I go bankrupt,I won't give up the research.

8.让步概念的其他表达方式

8.1分词

Waking or sleeping, the matter is always in her mind.

不管醒着还是睡着,这件事总是在她脑海里挥之不去 (人主动睡，与逻辑主语的关系）

Born of the same parents. he bears no resemblance to his brothers.

虽然是同父母所生,但他同他的兄弟们一点儿也不像 （Born 被动生出来）

8.2形容词和名词

Well or sick, calm or worried, she is always restrained in her expression.（adj)

不论身体好坏,心情怎样,她出言总是非常克制

A timid young man. Henry jumped into the icy lake and saved the boy. (noun)

虽然是一个胆小的青年,亨利还是跳进湖水中救起了那个男孩

8.3从句或主句（考虑逻辑语义层面)

Many men who had few advantages in their youth have done great things for their country.

有许多人，虽然年轻时并无优势可言，但却成了国家的栋梁之材。

（=Although they had.…)

As bad as he is, he is not without merits.

他虽然坏，但也不是没有优点。

It is a wise man thad never makes mistakes.

无论怎样聪明的人也难免要犯错误。

(=However wise a man may be..)

8.4 The 形容词最高级（考虑逻辑语义层面）

The wisesd man can not know everything,

即使是最聪明的人也不能什么都知道。

It is true that he is young, bu he is clever

诚然他年经，但很聪明

he task is very difficult, true, but we will fulfill it on time

这项任务诚然很困难,但我们一定按时完成

-----------

8.5 句子 and 句子(考虑逻辑语义层面)

本结构中的and相当于 and yet,第一句表示“让步”,但也有第二句表示让步的。

例如:

We tried our best and we failed in the experiment.

我们虽然尽了最大努力,但试验仍然失败了。

I can't keep these flowers alive and I've watered them well.

我不能养活这些花,尽管我已经很好地给它们浇了水。

be 主语 (ever)so 形容词(考虑逻辑语义层面)

Be a man ever so learned, he ought not to be proud.一个人不管多么有学问,也不应该骄傲。

Be the rain ever so heav, i will go there this evening.雨再大我今晚都要去那里。

8.6 不定式(考虑逻辑语义层面)

To try her besd, she could not ove不管怎样努力,她还是不能赶上他

8.7 动词 or 动词

本结构中or前后的动词【意思相反】例如

They will continue to do the work,rain or他们将风雨无阻,继续这项工作

Sink or swin I won't give up不管成败与否,我都不会放弃

8.8 when

when也可以表示“虽然”,例如

He walks when he might take a tax虽然他可以乘出租车,但还步行

He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time

虽然他下次可能成功,但他却放弃了

8.9 notwithstanding that

这个短语表示“虽然”,相当于 though或 although,that可省

例如:

She is not contented notwithstanding (that) she has a large fortune.

她虽然有一大笔财富,但还不满足。

Notwithstanding (that) the situation was unfavourable, he still remained composed

虽然形势不利,他依然镇静自若。

============================

让步，对比

=====================

9.让步状语从句的倒装

though引导的让步从句【可以】倒装。在倒装句中, though可以用as或that代替,但用as和that引导的让步状语从句【必须】倒装:

如果【动词或现在分词】提前放在句首,谓语要补加助动词do,does,did或will等。作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时,该名词前不可加定冠词或不定冠词

结构如下：

形容词/副词动词/分词/名词 though/as/hat 主语 谓语

Hard as/ though she tried, she failed to pass the exam.

尽管她非常努力,但还是没有通过那次考试

Fail khough he did, he would never give up.

尽管他失败了,但也决不会放弃。

Living, as I dd, so remote from town, I have many visitors.

我虽然住得离城很远,却有许多客人。

Intelligent as she was, she had not much insight.

她人很聪明,但洞察力不强。

Unlikel as it might seem, I'm tired too.

尽管看起来不像,但我的确也累了。

He was unable to make much progress hard as he tried.

他虽然付出了很大努力,却进步不大。

Standing as it does at the top of the hill, the temple is well preserved.

这座寺庙虽然坐落在小山的顶上,但是保存完好。

They could not find the lost journalist, search as they would.

无论他们怎么搜寻,就是找不到那个失踪的记者。

Naked that/ as he was, he braved the storm.

他虽然没穿衣服,却迎着暴风雨向前冲去。

本句型中从句的主语若是代词,主谓语序不倒装如果从句的主语是名词,主谓语序可以倒装或不倒装,倒装的情况多见于正式文体或文学作品中

例如:

Difficult as was the task/ Difficult as the task was, they finished it on time.

任务虽然艰巨,但他们仍然按时完成了。

名词、形容词或现在分词放在句首时,也可以表示原因。

Rich as she is, she is unhappy. (让步)

她虽然富有,但并不幸福。

Rich as she is, she needn't' do odd jobs.

她很富有,不需要干零活。 (原因)

Cold as/ that it was, they stayed indoors.

由于天冷,他们待在室内。 (原因)

Cold as/ that it was, they went swimming as usual天虽然冷,他们像平时一样去游泳(让步)

,