中考英语被动语态用法（中考英语语法主动语态和被动语态）

动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。

如：People speak English all over the world. (the active voice)

English is spoken all over the world. (the passive voice)

一、不同时态被动语态的用法〈一〉一般现在时的被动语态构成： is / am / are 及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。

〈二〉一般过去时的被动语态构成： was / were 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。

〈三〉一般将来时的被动语态构成： will be 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。

〈四〉 现在进行时的被动语态构成： am / is / are being 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。

〈五>现在完成时的被动语态构成： has / have been 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。

〈六〉 过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were being 及物动词的过去分词

The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。

〈七〉过去完成时的被动语态构成： had been 及物动词的过去分词

The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.

在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。

〈八〉 将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will have been done

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。

〈九〉 含有情态动词的被动语态构成： 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。

二、 主动语态改成被动语态的方法

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：①Bruce writes a letter every week.

→A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。

②Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.

→The broken bike was mended by Li Leithis morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。

③ He has written two novels so far.

→Two novels have been written by him so far.至今他已写了两部小说。

④ They will plant ten trees tomorrow. →Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.他们明天将要种植十棵树。

⑤Lucy is writing a letter now.

→A letter is being written by Lucy now.露西正在写信。

⑥You must lock the door when you leave. →the door must be locked when you leave.当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

① 不及物动词无被动语态：

What will happen in 100 years？一百年里会发生什么事？

② 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。

③感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。

（1）Make somebody do something →somebody be made to do something

（2）See somebody do something →somebody be seen to do something

例句：

（1） A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 当一个女孩经过的时候，看到我的钱夹掉了。

（2）The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。

③如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）做主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。

He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。

④一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。

四、 特殊形式的被动语态

Get 过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如：

The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。

How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？

五、被动语态和系表结构的区别

1.被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态；

The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态)

The cup is broken. (系表结构)

2.前者可有多种时态，而后者只有一般现在时和过去时；

My bike is being/will be/was repaired.

He is/was interested in his work.

3.被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者；

The dress was made by my mother.

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