the style of 加名词还是动词（名词所有格ThePossessive）

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● A possessive noun is a noun form used to show possession or that something belongs to someone or something. It’s commonly recognized by the apostrophe and the letter S at the end, as in Charlotte’s Web.

● 名词所有格用来表示所属关系，通常在名词词尾加上 ’S，如Charlotte’s Web《夏洛特的网》。

● Apostrophe S (’S) has 3 three meanings in English.

● 英语中’S表示三种含义：

◆ When an apostrophe is followed by an adjective, then the apostrophe is a contraction of IS, as in the sentence Andy’s tall.

当’S后面跟的是形容词时，’S就是IS的缩写，如Andy’s tall.

◆ When an apostrophe S is followed by a past participle, then the apostrophe is a contraction of HAS, as in the sentence Andy’s studied.

当’S后面跟的是过去分词时，’S就是HAS的缩写，如Andy’s studied。

◆ When an apostrophe S is followed by a noun, then the apostrophe is used to show possession or that something belongs to someone or something, as in the sentence Andy’s car is red.

当’S后面跟的是名词时，’S表示所属关系，如Andy’s car is red.

● How to Make the Possessive Form of Nouns?

◆ For singular nouns, we add apostrophe S (’S).

◆ 单数名词，我们直接加 ’S。

★ Andy’s house 安迪的房子

★ Cathy’s parents 凯西的父母

◆ For plural nouns ending in S, we only have to add an apostrophe.

◆ 以S结尾的复数名词，直接加 ’ 。

★ students' lounge 学生休息室

★ teachers' union 教师工会

★ parents’ permission 家长的许可

◆ For plural nouns not ending in S, add apostrophe S (’S).

◆ 不以S结尾的复数名词，加 ’S 。

★ children’s books 儿童读物

★ the men’s toilet 男厕

★ the women’s university 女子大学

★ the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国

★ men's clothing 男士服装

◆ For names ending in S and pronounced /z/, adding apostrophe S or only an apostrophe are both correct.

◆ 以S结尾的人名并且S的发音为/z/，加 ’S 或 ’ 均可。

★ James’s dog / James’ dog

★ Charles Dickens’s novels / Charles Dickens’ novels

◆ But with classical or religious names ending in S, we only add the apostrophe.

◆ 以S结尾的历史上有名的人或古希腊文化或宗教文化中的人名，直接加 ’。

★ Moses’ law 摩西律法

★ Jesus’ followers 耶稣的追随者

★ Achilles’ heel 阿喀琉斯之踵

★ Sophocles’ plays are still performed today.

★ 索福克勒斯的戏剧至今仍被演艺。

★ Hercules’ strength seemed unlimited.

★ 赫拉克勒斯的力量似乎是无限的。

● Apostrophes with Joint Ownership: 共有关系

◆ When one thing belongs to two or more people, make only the final name possessive.

◆ 当某件东西是两个或两个以上的人共有时，只需在最后一个名词词尾加 ’S。

★ Andy and Cathy’s shop (Andy and Cathy own a shop together)

★ 安迪和凯茜的商店（安迪和凯茜共同拥有一家商店）

◆ But when you’re talking about separate things that belong to different people, make all the names possessive.

◆ 如果不是共有，则所有名词词尾均需分别加上 ’S。

★ Andy’s and Cathy’s shops (Andy and Cathy each own a shop)

★ 安迪和凯茜的商店（安迪和凯茜各拥有一家商店）

● Apostrophes with Compound Nouns:复合名词的所有格

◆ If the compound noun is singular, just add an apostrophe S to the final word. If the nouns are plural with a regular S at the end, add only an apostrophe to the final word. But if the noun is plural without an S at the end, add an apostrophe S to the final word.

◆ 复合名词单数，直接在词尾加 ’S。以S结尾的复合名词复数，直接在词尾加 ’，不以S结尾的复合名词复数，直接在词尾加 ’S。

★ the editor-in-chief’s office 总编室

★ my sister-in-law’s father 我嫂子的父亲

★ the ten-year-old’s birthday 十岁孩子的生日

★ X-rays’ image X射线影像

● We often use apostrophe S with people or groups of people, other living things, places, and times to show possession.

● ’S 通常用来表示人、一群人、其他生命体、地点、时间的所有格。

★ Elizabeth's business card伊丽莎白的名片

★ my father’s room 我父亲的房间

★ the committee’s agenda 委员会的议程

★ the jury’s decision 陪审团的决定

★ bird’s nest鸟巢

★ China’s industry 中国的工业

★ today’s lesson 今天的课程

★ this year’s best movie 今年的最佳电影

★ a day's journey 一天的路程

★ How much notice do you need to give an employer when you plan to quit your job?

当你打算辞职时，需提前多久通知雇主？

Usually four weeks’ notice.

通常提前四周。

★ Do you know how much a landlord usually asks a tenant to pay in advance?

你知道房东通常要求房客预付多少房租吗？

Often you need to pay three months’ rent.

通常需要预付三个月的租金。

★ Does a company pay anything when a worker gets laid off?

当员工被解雇时，公司会支付任何费用吗？

Usually yes, one month’s pay.

通常会支付一个月的工资。

● 当某个名词对后一个表示事物的名称起分类作用时，通常用 ’S。

★ a teacher’s college 师范学院

★ a master’s degree 硕士学位

★ a doctor’s degree 博士学位

★ children’s books 儿童读物

★ men’s clothing 男士服装

● 当名词后有另一个名词作同位语时，在同位语名词后加 ’S。

★ his classmate Andy’s book 他同学安迪的书

★ Your teacher Mr. Wang’s office is over there.

★ 你们王老师的办公室在那边。

● The noun following a possessive form can be left out when we talk about someone’s home, or some shops and services.

● 当谈论某人的家、某种商店或提供某项服务的店铺时，所有格 ’S后的名词往往省略。

★ the newsagent’s 报社

★ the chemist’s 药店

★ the hairdresser’s 美发店

★ the butcher’s 肉店

★ We’re going to Andy’s/ Andy’s home for the evening.

★ 我们要去安迪家过夜。

● We usually leave out the noun after the ’S to avoid repetition, especially when the meaning is clear.

● 通常情况下，当双方清楚所讨论的人或物时，所有格 ’S后的名词往往被省略，以避免重复。

★ My car is more expensive than Andy’s.

★ 我的车比安迪的车要贵。

★ The magazine is not mine, but Cathy’s.

★ 这本杂志不是我的，是凯西的。

● However, we are more likely to use the OF noun form with inanimate objects.

● 无生命物体的所属关系，我们通常使用OF 名词的结构。

★ the cover of the book or the book cover 书籍封面

★ The drawer of the desk is stuck.

★ 书桌的抽屉卡住了。

● We are more likely to use the OF noun form when we are talking about a process, or a change over time.

● 谈论某种过程或随着时间流逝发生的某种变化，我们通常使用OF 名词的结构。

★ the establishment of the committee 该委员会的成立

★ the destruction of the forest 森林的破坏

★ The completion of the road was ahead of the schedule.

★ 该道路修建提前完工。

★ The evacuation of the building took only 10 minutes.

★ 只用了10分钟就完成了大楼的疏散工作。

● We are more likely to use the OF noun form when the noun is a long noun phrase.

● 当该名词是一个较长的名词短语时，我们通常使用OF 名词的结构。

★ She is the sister of someone I used to go to school with.

★ 她是以前和我一起上学的一个人的妹妹。

★ He’s the friend of a man I know at work.

★ 他是我工作中认识的一个人的朋友。

★ It’s the responsibility of the firm who built the houses.

★ 这是建造这些房子的那家公司的责任。

★ Do you know the opinion of the committee appointed a few days ago?

★ 你知道几天前任命的委员会的观点吗？

● We are more likely to use the OF noun form when explaining something that is part or belongs to something bigger.

● 当表示部分与整体的关系，通常使用 OF 名词的结构。

★ the rest of the people 其余的人

★ the majority of voters 大多数选民

★ the end of the video 视频的结尾

★ the top of the mountain 山顶

● 当定冠词加形容词或分词表示一类人时的所属关系，通常使用OF 名词的结构：

★ the struggle of the exploited 受剥削人的斗争

★ We hope that our government should pay more attention to the livelihood of the poor.

★ 我们希望政府应该多关注穷人的生计。

Fixed Expressions 固定搭配：

★ in one’s mind’s eye 在某人的心中

★ at one’s wit’s end 不知所措

★ at one’s finger’s ends 了如指掌

★ a bird’s eye view 鸟瞰

★ a wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼

★ at death’s door 在鬼门关

★ at arm’s length 疏远

★ to one’s heart’s content 尽情地

You’ve got a whole week to yourself and you can read to your heart’s content.

你有一整周独处的时间，可以尽情地阅读。

★ a stone’s throw 一箭之遥

The apartment is just a stone's throw from the sea.

该公寓距离大海仅一箭之遥。

★ a hair’s breadth 间不容发的距离，极小量，差一点

His finger was within a hair's breadth of touching the alarm.

他只差一点就能碰到警报器。

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如若觉得这篇文章有所帮助，麻烦亲爱的亲亲们帮忙点赞和分享!!! 万分感谢!!!

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