英国大师油画风景（一幅由歌剧改编来的油画）

本期解读伯恩·琼斯爵士（1833-1898）作品《尼克劳斯·韦内里斯》

尼克劳斯·韦内里斯Nicklaus Veneris

油画 | 122×183cm | 前拉斐尔派 | 收藏于Laing Art Gallery

《尼克劳斯·韦内里斯》在拉丁语中是“赞美维纳斯”的意思，该画是根据瓦格纳歌剧《Tanhauser》中的传奇故事绘制而成。The name "Nicklaus Veneris" means "praise Venus or love" in Latin, and it is adapted from the legend in Wagner's opera "Tanhauser".

在这个传奇故事中，年轻的骑士爱上了维纳斯，并和她一起生活在维纳斯的城堡中，可是好景不长，激情过后，骑士的内心充满了悔恨。于是骑士逃离维纳斯，来到罗马，问教皇厄本是否可以赦免他的罪。而教皇却说这是不可能的，除非他的权杖可以开花！于是，绝望的骑士Tanhauser回到维也纳。但是三天后，教皇的权杖上奇迹般地开满了鲜花，但骑士Tanhauser却永远未能得知这个奇迹，于是他的余生都在教皇厄本的诅咒中度过。In this legend, the young knight fell in love with Venus and lived with her in her underground home until he became full of regrets. He escaped from her trap and came to Rome and asked Pope Urban if he could be pardoned of his sins. The pope declared that this was impossible—just as impossible that his pope's staff might bloom. Three days after Tanhauser returned to Vienna, the Pope’s staff were full of flowers, but the knight had not heard of this sacred miracle, so his life was spent in curses.

这幅画中，骑士对维纳斯的肉体之爱和对肉欲的沉迷也反映了维纳斯之美的危险。因为，根据传说，维纳斯是通过在城堡外的森林中沐浴才得以引诱来骑士Tanhauser。画作的背景中展示了传说中的维纳斯城堡(爱之城)。在画作左上区域，窗户中央可以看到骑士Tanhauser正骑着马准备向教皇寻求宽恕，因为快乐的情爱使他忘记了自己的使命。维纳斯的侍从们正在演奏音乐，她身旁放着一朵象征着爱情的玫瑰，挂毯的背景是爱神丘比特坐在爱神维纳斯的战车上。 The love and sensual indulgence also reflect the dangerous beauty of Venus, because according to legend, Venus bathed in the woods to seduce Tanhauser. This outstanding painting shows the legendary Venusberg court ("Love City”). The knight seen in the middle of the window is riding a horse to seek forgiveness because he dedicated himself to a happy life. The queen’s attendants are playing music (also known as the food of love). Beside the queen There is a rose symbolizing love. The background of the tapestry is Cupid, the god of love, sitting on the chariot of the god of love, Venus.

坦佩兰提亚Temperantia, 1872

《通告》，1879,The Annunciation

伯恩·琼斯与威廉·莫里斯Burne-Jones with William Morris, 1874

爱德华·科利·伯恩·琼斯爵士（1833-1898），是英国艺术家和设计师。他与英国彩绘玻璃艺术传统的复兴密切相关。Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones was a British artist and designer. He was closely involved in the rejuvenation of the tradition of stained glass art in Britain.

黄金楼梯 The Golden Stairs, 1880

《科菲图亚国王与乞丐女佣》King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid, 1884

伯恩·琼斯的彩色玻璃作品包括圣菲利普大教堂、伯明翰、斗牛场圣马丁、伯明翰、圣三一教堂、斯隆广场、切尔西、布兰顿圣马丁教堂、坎布里亚（菲利普·韦伯设计的教堂）、圣迈克尔教堂、布莱顿、万圣教堂、耶稣巷、剑桥、基督教堂、牛津和圣安教堂。Burne-Jones's stained glass works include the windows of St. Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham, St Martin in the Bull Ring, Birmingham, Holy Trinity church, Sloane Square, Chelsea, St Martin's Church in Brampton, Cumbria (the church designed by Philip Webb), St Michael's Church, Brighton, All Saints, Jesus Lane, Cambridge, Christ Church, Oxford and in St. Anne's Church.

伯恩·琼斯和威廉·莫里斯的诞生之窗Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris' Nativity windows1882波士顿三一教堂

圣玛丽教堂的耶稣诞生场景Nativity scene in St Mary's Church

米里亚姆Miriam, 1872 in St Michael and All Angels, Waterford, Hertfordshire

除了绘画和彩色玻璃，伯恩·琼斯还从事各种手工艺；包括设计瓷砖、珠宝、挂毯、马赛克和书籍插图。In addition to painting and stained glass, Burne-Jones worked in a variety of crafts; including designing ceramic tiles, jewellery, tapestries, mosaics and book illustration.

废墟中的爱Love Among the Ruins, 1894

亚瑟的最后一次睡眠The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon 1881–1898

爱德华·伯恩-琼斯是前拉斐尔派运动第二阶段的领导者，也是他那个时代最有影响力的

艺术家之一。Edward Burne-Jones is the leader of the second stage of the former Raphaelite movement, and One of the most influential artists of his time.

奏乐天使An Angel Playing a Flageolet - Sudley House, Liverpool, England

《梅林的诱惑》The Beguiling of Merlin, 1874

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