有关华盛顿的小学六年级英语作文（双语阅读Top10Christmas）

Top 10 Christmas traditions and their origins

十大圣诞传统及其起源

shí dà shèng dàn chuán tǒng jí qí qǐ yuán

为什么外国人过圣诞节都要吃火鸡、布丁、肉馅饼，玩圣诞拉炮，寄圣诞贺卡，挂起长筒袜，唱圣诞颂歌呢？一起了解下这些圣诞传统的起源。

wéi shí me wài guó rén guò shèng dàn jiē dōu yào chī huǒ jī 、bù dīng 、ròu xiàn bǐng ，wán shèng dàn lā pào ，jì shèng dàn hè kǎ ，guà qǐ zhǎng tǒng wà ，chàng shèng dàn sòng gē ne ？yī qǐ le jiě xià zhè xiē shèng dàn chuán tǒng de qǐ yuán 。

Discover the fascinating stories behind these festive traditions, from Christmas food and carols to greetings cards and crackers.

从圣诞美食、圣诞颂歌到圣诞贺卡、圣诞拉炮，在圣诞节的传统节目背后都有什么有趣的故事呢？

cóng shèng dàn měi shí 、shèng dàn sòng gē dào shèng dàn hè kǎ 、shèng dàn lā pào ，zài shèng dàn jiē de chuán tǒng jiē mù bèi hòu dōu yǒu shí me yǒu qù de gù shì ne ？

Christmas cards 圣诞贺卡 shèng dàn hè kǎ

Having helped set up the Public Records Office (now the Post Office), Sir Henry Cole and artist John Horsley created the first Christmas card in 1843 as a way of encouraging people to use its services.

在帮助创建了邮局之后，1843年亨利・柯尔爵士和艺术家约翰•霍斯利一起制作了世界上第一张圣诞贺卡，鼓励人们使用邮政服务。

zài bāng zhù chuàng jiàn le yóu jú zhī hòu ，1843nián hēng lì ・kē ěr jué shì hé yì shù jiā yuē hàn •huò sī lì yī qǐ zhì zuò le shì jiè shàng dì yī zhāng shèng dàn hè kǎ ，gǔ lì rén men shǐ yòng yóu zhèng fú wù 。

Cards cost a shilling (equivalent to almost £5.75 now) and stamps a penny (about 40p at modern prices). Advances in printing brought prices down, making cards hugely popular by the 1860s. By 1900 the custom of sending Christmas cards had spread throughout Europe.

当时一张圣诞贺卡价格是一先令（相当于现在的5.75英镑），一张邮票价格是一便士（相当于现在的40便士）。印刷术的进步让贺卡和邮票价格降了下来，使得圣诞贺卡在19世纪60年代曾盛行一时。到了20世纪，寄圣诞贺卡的风俗已在欧洲流传开来。

dāng shí yī zhāng shèng dàn hè kǎ jià gé shì yī xiān lìng （xiàng dāng yú xiàn zài de 5.75yīng bàng ），yī zhāng yóu piào jià gé shì yī biàn shì （xiàng dāng yú xiàn zài de 40biàn shì ）。yìn shuā shù de jìn bù ràng hè kǎ hé yóu piào jià gé jiàng le xià lái ，shǐ dé shèng dàn hè kǎ zài 19shì jì 60nián dài céng shèng háng yī shí 。dào le 20shì jì ，jì shèng dàn hè kǎ de fēng sú yǐ zài ōu zhōu liú chuán kāi lái 。

The Christmas tree 圣诞树 shèng dàn shù

While Christmas trees have been around for a millennium in northern Europe, the first one did not appear in the UK until the 1830s. When Prince Albert put up a Christmas tree at Windsor Castle in 1841, he started what became an evergreen trend.

虽然早在千年之前北欧国家就有圣诞树了，但是直到19世纪30年代，第一棵圣诞树才开始在英国出现。1841年，阿尔伯特亲王在温莎堡置办了第一棵圣诞树，从那以后圣诞树就成为了长盛不衰的圣诞传统。

suī rán zǎo zài qiān nián zhī qián běi ōu guó jiā jiù yǒu shèng dàn shù le ，dàn shì zhí dào 19shì jì 30nián dài ，dì yī kē shèng dàn shù cái kāi shǐ zài yīng guó chū xiàn 。1841nián ，ā ěr bó tè qīn wáng zài wēn shā bǎo zhì bàn le dì yī kē shèng dàn shù ，cóng nà yǐ hòu shèng dàn shù jiù chéng wéi le zhǎng shèng bú shuāi de shèng dàn chuán tǒng 。

Mince pies 肉馅饼 ròu xiàn bǐng

Early mince pies were made of meat, fruit and spice and inspired by Middle Eastern cuisine brought back by the Crusaders.

早期的肉馅饼受十字军战士带回的中东食谱启发，是用肉、水果和香料制成的。

zǎo qī de ròu xiàn bǐng shòu shí zì jun1 zhàn shì dài huí de zhōng dōng shí pǔ qǐ fā ，shì yòng ròu 、shuǐ guǒ hé xiāng liào zhì chéng de 。

They commonly had 13 ingredients representing Christ and the Apostles, and were formed in a large oval shape to represent the manger. Meat had disappeared from the recipe by Victorian times, although beef suet is often still included.

这种肉馅饼加入了13种配料，代表耶稣和他的十二个使徒。肉馅饼做成椭圆形状，象征耶稣降生的马槽。到了维多利亚时期，猪肉从配方中消失了，不过牛油仍是配料之一。

zhè zhǒng ròu xiàn bǐng jiā rù le 13zhǒng pèi liào ，dài biǎo yē sū hé tā de shí èr gè shǐ tú 。ròu xiàn bǐng zuò chéng tuǒ yuán xíng zhuàng ，xiàng zhēng yē sū jiàng shēng de mǎ cáo 。dào le wéi duō lì yà shí qī ，zhū ròu cóng pèi fāng zhōng xiāo shī le ，bú guò niú yóu réng shì pèi liào zhī yī 。

Stockings 长筒袜 chǎng tǒng wà

Leaving stockings out at Christmas goes back to the legend of St Nicholas. Known as the gift giver, on one occasion he sent bags of gold down a chimney at the home of a poor man who had no dowry for his unmarried daughters. The gold fell into stockings left hanging to dry. St Nicholas was later referred to by the Dutch as Sinterklaas and eventually, by English-speakers, as Santa Claus.

在圣诞节挂起长筒袜源于送礼人圣•尼古拉斯的传说。有一回圣•尼古拉斯把几袋金子放进一个穷人家的烟囱里，这个穷人没钱给他的女儿们置办嫁妆。结果金子正好掉进了那家人晾着的长筒袜中。后来圣•尼古拉斯被荷兰人称为Sinterklaas，最后在英语中转变为了Santa Claus这个名字。

zài shèng dàn jiē guà qǐ zhǎng tǒng wà yuán yú sòng lǐ rén shèng •ní gǔ lā sī de chuán shuō 。yǒu yī huí shèng •ní gǔ lā sī bǎ jǐ dài jīn zǐ fàng jìn yī gè qióng rén jiā de yān cōng lǐ ，zhè gè qióng rén méi qián gěi tā de nǚ ér men zhì bàn jià zhuāng 。jié guǒ jīn zǐ zhèng hǎo diào jìn le nà jiā rén liàng zhe de zhǎng tǒng wà zhōng 。hòu lái shèng •ní gǔ lā sī bèi hé lán rén chēng wéi Sinterklaas，zuì hòu zài yīng yǔ zhōng zhuǎn biàn wéi le Santa Clauszhè gè míng zì 。

Holly and ivy 冬青和常春藤 dōng qīng hé cháng chūn téng

Synonymous with Christmas and the subject of a traditional British folk carol, both holly and ivy were originally used in pre-Christian times to celebrate the winter solstice. As they provide a rare splash of colour in the darkest month of the year, their popularity has endured.

提到圣诞节，人们就会想起冬青和常春藤，这两种植物还被写成了一首英国传统民谣。在前基督时代，人们用冬青和常春藤装点房屋来庆祝冬至。在一年中最阴冷的时节，冬青和常春藤给房间带来了一抹生机勃勃的绿色，因此几千年来一直广受欢迎。

tí dào shèng dàn jiē ，rén men jiù huì xiǎng qǐ dōng qīng hé cháng chūn téng ，zhè liǎng zhǒng zhí wù hái bèi xiě chéng le yī shǒu yīng guó chuán tǒng mín yáo 。zài qián jī dū shí dài ，rén men yòng dōng qīng hé cháng chūn téng zhuāng diǎn fáng wū lái qìng zhù dōng zhì 。zài yī nián zhōng zuì yīn lěng de shí jiē ，dōng qīng hé cháng chūn téng gěi fáng jiān dài lái le yī mò shēng jī bó bó de lǜ sè ，yīn cǐ jǐ qiān nián lái yī zhí guǎng shòu huān yíng 。

Christmas crackers 圣诞拉炮 shèng dàn lā pào

London sweet-maker Tom Smith invented Christmas crackers in the late 1840s, inspired by traditional, paper-wrapped French bonbons. Even though he included mottos or riddles inside each, it was not until he found a way to make them “crack” when pulled apart that sales took off. His sons Tom, Walter and Henry later added hats and novelty gifts.

受传统的用纸包裹的法国棒棒糖启发，伦敦糖果商汤姆•史密斯在19世纪40年代末发明了圣诞拉炮。尽管他在每只圣诞拉炮里都会放格言或谜语，但直到他想出法子让其在拉动包装纸的时候发出啪的一声，圣诞拉炮的销量才开始飙升。他的儿子汤姆、沃尔特和亨利后来又加进了纸帽子和新奇礼物等创意。

shòu chuán tǒng de yòng zhǐ bāo guǒ de fǎ guó bàng bàng táng qǐ fā ，lún dūn táng guǒ shāng tāng mǔ •shǐ mì sī zài 19shì jì 40nián dài mò fā míng le shèng dàn lā pào 。jìn guǎn tā zài měi zhī shèng dàn lā pào lǐ dōu huì fàng gé yán huò mí yǔ ，dàn zhí dào tā xiǎng chū fǎ zǐ ràng qí zài lā dòng bāo zhuāng zhǐ de shí hòu fā chū pā de yī shēng ，shèng dàn lā pào de xiāo liàng cái kāi shǐ biāo shēng 。tā de ér zǐ tāng mǔ 、wò ěr tè hé hēng lì hòu lái yòu jiā jìn le zhǐ mào zǐ hé xīn qí lǐ wù děng chuàng yì 。

Turkey 火鸡 huǒ jī

Turkeys originated in Mexico and were first brought to Britain in 1526 by William Strickland. Henry VIII enjoyed turkey and although the bird became fashionable in high society in the late 19th century it was Edward VII who made it de rigueur at Christmas for the middle classes.

火鸡原本生长于墨西哥，1526年威廉•斯特里克兰将火鸡带到英国。亨利八世很爱吃火鸡肉，于是吃火鸡肉在19世纪末的上流社会变得很流行，不过在爱德华七世的倡导下，火鸡才走入了中产阶级的家庭，成为圣诞节的必备菜肴之一。

huǒ jī yuán běn shēng zhǎng yú mò xī gē ，1526nián wēi lián •sī tè lǐ kè lán jiāng huǒ jī dài dào yīng guó 。hēng lì bā shì hěn ài chī huǒ jī ròu ，yú shì chī huǒ jī ròu zài 19shì jì mò de shàng liú shè huì biàn dé hěn liú háng ，bú guò zài ài dé huá qī shì de chàng dǎo xià ，huǒ jī cái zǒu rù le zhōng chǎn jiē jí de jiā tíng ，chéng wéi shèng dàn jiē de bì bèi cài yáo zhī yī 。

Even by 1930, however, it took a week’s wages to buy one and turkey remained a luxury until the 1950s.

然而，即使到了20世纪30年代，买一只火鸡仍然要花掉一星期的工资，直到20世纪50年代火鸡都是一种奢侈的食物。

rán ér ，jí shǐ dào le 20shì jì 30nián dài ，mǎi yī zhī huǒ jī réng rán yào huā diào yī xīng qī de gōng zī ，zhí dào 20shì jì 50nián dài huǒ jī dōu shì yī zhǒng shē chǐ de shí wù 。

Christmas pudding 圣诞布丁 shèng dàn bù dīng

Also known as plum or figgy pudding, this Christmas staple possibly has its roots as far back as the Middle Ages in a wheat-based pottage known as frumenty. By the mid 17th century, it was thicker and had developed into a dessert with the addition of eggs, dried fruit and alcohol.

圣诞布丁也叫葡萄干布丁或无花果布丁，它可能起源于中世纪的一种叫作牛奶麦粥的食物。到了17世纪中期，这种麦粥被做得更稠，逐渐发展成了加入鸡蛋、干果和酒的一种甜点。

shèng dàn bù dīng yě jiào pú táo gàn bù dīng huò wú huā guǒ bù dīng ，tā kě néng qǐ yuán yú zhōng shì jì de yī zhǒng jiào zuò niú nǎi mài zhōu de shí wù 。dào le 17shì jì zhōng qī ，zhè zhǒng mài zhōu bèi zuò dé gèng chóu ，zhú jiàn fā zhǎn chéng le jiā rù jī dàn 、gàn guǒ hé jiǔ de yī zhǒng tián diǎn 。

In Victorian times plum pudding was a Christmas favourite. It is traditionally made a week before Advent on what is known as “stir-up Sunday”.

在维多利亚时期，圣诞布丁是最受欢迎的圣诞食物之一。依照传统人们会在基督降临节前一周做圣诞布丁，这一天被称为“唤醒星期日”。

zài wéi duō lì yà shí qī ，shèng dàn bù dīng shì zuì shòu huān yíng de shèng dàn shí wù zhī yī 。yī zhào chuán tǒng rén men huì zài jī dū jiàng lín jiē qián yī zhōu zuò shèng dàn bù dīng ，zhè yī tiān bèi chēng wéi “huàn xǐng xīng qī rì ”。

Mistletoe hú jì shēng

Mistletoe 槲寄生 hú jì shēng

Hanging mistletoe in the home is an ancient pagan practice adopted by early Christians. The word itself is Anglo-Saxon and the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe originated in England. Each kiss required a berry to be plucked until none remained.

在家中挂槲寄生是早期基督徒奉行的一种古老的异教徒做法。槲寄生的英文单词是古英语，在槲寄生下接吻的传统则源于英格兰。每在槲寄生下接一个吻，就要采一颗莓果，直到树上的莓果都摘光。

zài jiā zhōng guà hú jì shēng shì zǎo qī jī dū tú fèng háng de yī zhǒng gǔ lǎo de yì jiāo tú zuò fǎ 。hú jì shēng de yīng wén dān cí shì gǔ yīng yǔ ，zài hú jì shēng xià jiē wěn de chuán tǒng zé yuán yú yīng gé lán 。měi zài hú jì shēng xià jiē yī gè wěn ，jiù yào cǎi yī kē méi guǒ ，zhí dào shù shàng de méi guǒ dōu zhāi guāng 。

Christmas carols 圣诞颂歌 shèng dàn sòng gē

Carols were songs and dances of praise and joy in pagan times and the practice of carol singing carried over into the Christian era. Carols have been written through the centuries but the most familiar date from Victorian times. Today, popular songs such as Bing Crosby’s White Christmas and Slade’s Merry Xmas Everybody are just as much a part of Christmas as carols.

颂歌在异教徒时代是表达赞颂和喜悦的歌舞，唱颂歌的做法一直延续到了基督时代。几个世纪以来人们写了不少颂歌，不过最熟悉的颂歌来自维多利亚时代。今天，平•克劳斯贝的《白色圣诞节》和斯莱德的《祝大家圣诞快乐》这样的流行歌曲也成为了圣诞颂歌。

sòng gē zài yì jiāo tú shí dài shì biǎo dá zàn sòng hé xǐ yuè de gē wǔ ，chàng sòng gē de zuò fǎ yī zhí yán xù dào le jī dū shí dài 。jǐ gè shì jì yǐ lái rén men xiě le bú shǎo sòng gē ，bú guò zuì shú xī de sòng gē lái zì wéi duō lì yà shí dài 。jīn tiān ，píng •kè láo sī bèi de 《bái sè shèng dàn jiē 》hé sī lái dé de 《zhù dà jiā shèng dàn kuài lè 》zhè yàng de liú háng gē qǔ yě chéng wéi le shèng dàn sòng gē 。

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