同位素和同素异形体的区别是什么（核言碎语157）

118 同位素-核素

Isotopes – Nuclides

（https://www.nuclear-power.com/）

同位素-核素

Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Each isotope is denoted by chemical symbol of the element (this specifies Z) with the atomic mass number as superscript.

同位素是具有相同原子序数的核素，因此是相同的元素，但中子数不同。每种同位素都用元素的化学符号（这指定了Z）表示，上标为原子质量数。

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, the various species of atoms whose nuclei contain particular numbers of protons and neutrons are called nuclides. Nuclides are also characterized by its nuclear energy states (e.g., metastable nuclide 242mAm). Each nuclide is denoted by chemical symbol of the element (this specifies Z) with the atomic mass number as superscript. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. Hydrogen (H), for example , consist of one electron and one proton. The number of neutrons in a nucleus is known as the neutron number and is given the symbol N. The total number of nucleons, that is, protons and neutrons in a nucleus, is equal to Z N = A, where A is called the atomic mass number.

在核物理和核化学中，原子核中含有一定数量的质子和中子的各种原子被称为核素。核素也以其核能状态为特征（例如，亚稳态核素242mAm）。每一种核素都用元素的化学符号（这指定了Z）来表示，上标是原子质量数。同位素是具有相同原子序数的核素，因此是相同的元素，但中子数不同。例如，氢（H）由一个电子和一个质子组成。原子核中的中子数量称为中子数，用符号N表示。原子核中的核子（即质子和中子）的总数等于Z N = A，其中A称为原子质量数。

注：

（以下内容来自百度百科）

同位素是指质子数相同而中子数不同的同一元素的不同原子互称为同位素（即同一元素的不同核素互称为同位素）（Isotope）。

（待续）