holiday与holidays的用法(holidayvacation和leave用法辨析)

1. holiday单数,涉及的天数通常是一两天,而 vacation 涉及的天数很少少于一两天。暗示是休息和庆祝的日子,有时也衍生为周末(weekend);而 vacation 可以指为了享受而与家人进行的一次长时间的外地旅行,或为休息和放松而花费的大量时间,特别是在英式英语中专指“大学假期”。因此holiday大体上表示是神圣的日子,是许多人一起庆祝的日子,这就是为什么很多人不上班、不上学或不做其他的事情; 通常是比较盛大的且属于大多数人的日子,包括宗教节日( Christmas,Rosh Hashanah,Ramadan,Diwali 和 Vesak 等)或非宗教节日(Republic Day,Flag Day等)、国家庆典日(Independence Day,Canada Day 等)或法定节日等等;而 vacation 是正常活动的休息时间等,或主动在正常活动期间休假的一段时间,通常是长时间的。法定假日是 public holiday 或 bank holiday,指政府机关、学校、银行和商业机构关门休息的公共假日。与数词连用时只表示次数,不表示日期信息;与季节连用的时候通常使用复数形式。

Ching Ming Holiday 清明假期

New year holidays 新年假期

a legal holiday 法定假日

on holiday/on one’s holiday 休假中

half-holiday/half-day 半天休假

take a week’s holiday 一周的休假

have a holiday 休假

Friday is a holiday, as it is Good Friday.

星期五是假日,因为它是耶稣受难节。

New Year's Day is a public holiday throughout Britain.

元旦是全英国的公众假日。

The government declared Easter Monday a public holiday.

政府宣布复活节后的星期一是公共假日。

Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday.

和圣诞节一样,节礼日也是公共假日。

较长时间的假期可以holidays,也可以使用holiday:

I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.

包括元旦在内我有三天假。

I shall be getting a whole month’s holidays/ holiday.

我将有整整一个月的假期。

The school holidays start next week.

下学期学校开始放假了。

We’re going to France for our summer holidays.

我们打算到法国去度假。

Phone calls always spoil my holidays.

电话总是弄得我过不好假日。

We're going to Spain for our holidays.

我们要去西班牙度假。

The manager is away on holiday until July.

经理一直休假到7月。

2. Vacation,主要是美式用语,通常指正常的活动如工作、学校或其他任何活动的关门时间;时间长度上多指很长时间的假期,也可以指一两天的假期;例如:

The school will be on vacation for two weeks.

学校将放假两周。

The job includes two weeks' paid vacation.

这份工作包括两周的带薪假期。

Vacation 也可以指某人主动从正常的活动中请假的一段时间,例如:I took a vacation last week.

我上周休假了。

Mary is taking a vacation to Paris.

玛丽正在巴黎度假。

在英国英语里则多专指“大学假期”,英国大学和律师业也使用vacation这个词,如:the long vac.表示“暑假”:

What are you going to do for the winter vacation?

寒假你打算做什么?

随着时间的推移,很多的人互换使用:

He’s on holiday/vacation this week.

他本周休假。

I like to take my holiday/vacation in the winter.

我喜欢在冬天休假。

I get four weeks’ holiday/vacation a year.

我一年有四周休假。

He’s on holiday/vacation this week.

他本周休假。

I like to take my holiday/vacation in the winter.

我喜欢在冬天休假。

the summer holidays/vacation

暑假

在固定短语on vacation中,vacation前不用冠词;在get a vacation,spend a vacation,take a vacation等短语中,vacation须用不定冠词a;而在long vacation,Christmas vacation等短语前通常有定冠词the。

They will be on vacation in Hawaii during Christmas.

他们圣诞节期间将到夏威夷度假。

Neff hitchhiked to New York during his Christmas vacation.

内夫在圣诞节假期里搭顺风车去了纽约。

The job includes two weeks' paid vacation.

这份工作包括两周的带薪假期。

summer vacation 暑假

winter vacation 寒假

寒暑假在英国是winter/summer holidays,在美国就是winter/summer vacation。

go on vacation/take a vacation 自己放假

vacation通常与旅行travel有关,比如:

Hawaii remains a popular choice for winter vacation travel.

夏威夷一直是深受人们青睐的冬季假日旅游胜地。

Every year my father would call a family powwow to discuss where we were going on vacation.

每年我父亲都会召开一次家庭会议,讨论我们要去哪儿度假。

Twice before he had been in New York with Gladys on summer vacations.

他之前已经和格拉迪丝两次来到纽约度暑假。

Neff hitchhiked to New York during his Christmas vacation.

内夫在圣诞节假期里搭顺风车去了纽约。

Foreign vacations have become commonplace.

去国外度假已经变得很平常了。

We went on vacation to Puerto Rico.

我们去了波多黎各度假。

The travel agent completely cocked up his arrangements for the summer vacation.

旅行社把他暑假的安排搞得一塌糊涂。

They're on vacation in Hawaii right now.

他们此时正在夏威夷度假。

 During his summer vacation he visited Russia.

暑假期间他去俄罗斯了。

 They planned a late summer vacation in Europe.

他们打算夏末去欧洲度假。

Myles vacationed in Jamaica.

迈尔斯去了牙买加度假。

We're going to the beach for vacation.

我们要去海滨度假。

holiday与holidays的用法(holidayvacation和leave用法辨析)(1)

This beach is ideal for a vacation.

这个海滩是度假的理想去处。

3.leave主要指军人、官员、职员的假期、病假、事假(多指得到批准的请假):

Smoking people love sick leave.

吸烟人爱请病假。

maternity leave产假

She was granted a year's maternity leave.

她得到了一年的产假。

annual leave / holiday年假

Are you looking forward to taking your annual leave this year?

你对你今年的年假有所期待吗?

marital leave婚假

I‘m going to take my marital leave next week , could you cover for me?

我下星期要休婚假,你可以顶替我的工作吗?

They could even offer paid parental leave.

他们甚至可以提供有薪双亲假。

He is home on leave from the Navy.

他从海军部队休假回到家里。

He's asked for a month's leave.

他已请了一个月的假。

Why don't you take a few days' leave?

你为什么不休几天假?

I'm still due 15 day's leave.

我还应有15天的休假。

I'm in command of the regiment while the colonel's on leave.

上校休假时,我指挥这个团。

I'm covering for Jane while she's on leave.

简休假期间我顶替她工作。

I will be on leave during the week commencing 15 February.

我将从2月15日开始一周的休假。

I'd rather have a staycation at home than travel abroad.

和出国旅游相比,我更愿意在自己的城市里度假。

注意:

1. 不是所有的不上班或不上学的日子都可以叫 holiday 或 vacation,比如你想在家里休息一天,此时这一天既不是 holiday,也不是 vacation,而是叫作休息日或休假日(day off),例如:

I'm going to take a day off this week.

这个星期我要请一天假。

Most weeks, Sunday is my only day off.

大多数时候,我只有星期天才休息。

Why not take a few days off?

为什么不休息几天呢?

It was Mrs Dearden's day off, and Paul was on duty in her place.

那天迪尔登夫人休息,保罗替她当班。

She asked her boss whether she could have the day off.

她问老板可不可以让她请一天假。

holiday与holidays的用法(holidayvacation和leave用法辨析)(2)

I'll ask my boss if I can have the day off.

我要问一下老板我能不能请一天假。

Your day off is your own.

你的假日归你自己支配。

I took a half day off yesterday.

昨天我休假半天。

I have a tame doctor who'll always give me a sick note when I want a day off.

我的医生对我有求必应。我想要休一天假时,他总会给我开病假条。

It's funny how I never seem to get a thing done on my day off

好笑的是,我好像从来没有在休息日里做成过一件事。

2. 一周中的星期六和星期天两天通常叫周末(the weekend),而不叫 holiday 或 vacation,例如:

Are you doing anything over the weekend ?

你在周末有什么安排吗?

如果因为工作的需要周末要工作,那么从周一到周五也会有休息的时间,此时这段时间也不叫 holiday 或 vacation,而还是叫你的休息日或休假日(your day off),例如:

What are you doing on your day off?

你休息日干什么?

3. 如果你在上学期间有一段时间没有课程的话,这段时间叫 break,而不叫 holiday 或 vacation,例如:

What did you do over summer break?

暑假你做了什么?

Mini-break 短期休假

I'm going to spend my May Day holiday on a mini-break by the sea.

我计划利用“五一”短假去海边玩。

holiday与holidays的用法(holidayvacation和leave用法辨析)(3)

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