人教版八年级英语下册10单元短语(人教版八年级下册英语5单元词汇讲解)

词汇讲解1. miss:作动词,意为“想念,思念”,我来为大家科普一下关于人教版八年级英语下册10单元短语?下面希望有你要的答案,我们一起来看看吧!

人教版八年级英语下册10单元短语(人教版八年级下册英语5单元词汇讲解)

人教版八年级英语下册10单元短语

词汇讲解

1. miss:作动词,意为“想念,思念”。

I’ll miss you when you go to Canada .

你到了加拿大以后,我一定会想你。

【拓展】

(1) miss 作动词还有“未击中,未抓住”的意思。例如:

I tried to hit the ball but I missed.

我努力地想击中球,但却未成功。

(2) miss 还可意为“未赶上,错过”,是动词。例如:I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。

(3) miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; can’t help; give up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。例如:

I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。

2. suddenly

suddenly作副词,意为“突然,忽然”,在句中多修饰动词或句子,做状语。例如:

I suddenly remembered that I didn’t bring my key.我突然想起来我没有带钥匙。

It all happened so suddenly.

一切都发生得那么突然。

3. either

(1) either 作副词,意为“也不”,用在否定句中。例如:

He can’t play the violin. I can’t, either. 他不会拉小提琴,我也不会。

(2) either pron.(两者中)任意一个。例如:

There are many trees on either side of the street. 在街道的每一边都有很多树。

(3) either…or…为连词短语,连接两个相同的句子成分,意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……;不是……就是……”。例如:

He either stays at home or visits friends on the weekend.在周末,他要么待在家里,要么拜访朋友。

They will come either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.他们不是明天来,就是后天来。

【注意】either…or…连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式与紧靠谓语的那个主语的形式保持一致,即遵循就近原则。例如:

Either I or he is on duty today.

今天不是我值日,就是他值日。

4. light

(1)light作不可数名词,意为“光;光亮;光线”。例如:

The sun gives out light and heat.

太阳发出光和热。

He read the letter by the light of the candle.

他在烛光下读那封信。

(2)light作可数名词,意为“电灯;光源”。例如:

Don’t cross the road when the traffic lights are red. 当交通灯是红色时,不要横穿马路。

(3)light作形容词,意为“轻的;浅色的”。例如: Is the box heavy or light?

那箱子是重还是轻?

I like the light green dress.

我喜欢哪件浅绿色的裙子。

(4)light作动词,意为“点燃;照亮”。

He sat down and lit a cigarette.

他坐下来,点了一支烟。

5. beat

beat是及物动词,有以下用法:

(1) 意为“赢;打败;战胜”,后接人或某一团队、组织等,其过去式为beat。例如:

I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。

(2) 意为“打;击”,表示连续不断的打击。例如:

Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓?

(3) 表示“(心脏)等跳动”。例如:

I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。

【拓展】

beat和win都有“赢”的意思,但用法不同:

beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织;而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目,过去式为won。例如:

Though we were weak, we beat them.

虽然我们弱,但我们赢了他们。

Who won the first prize in the competition?

谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖?

6. against:是介词,其用法如下:

(1) 反对,违反。对应的反义词为for,常用于be against sb. / sth.反对某人/某事 例如:

Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多数人反对做兼职工作吗?

(2) 和……交战(指竞争、比赛等)。例如:

We’ll have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week.

下星期我们将于二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。

(3) 碰、撞、擦。例如:

Rain beats against the window.

雨打在窗户上。

(4) 倚着、靠着。例如:

There was a ladder propped up(支撑) against the wall. 一把梯子靠着墙。

(5) 防备,抗……。例如:

She saved money against old age.

她攒钱防老。

(6) 逆着……。例如:

We are sailing against the wind. 我们(的船)正逆风航行。

(7) 衬托,相映,对照。例如:

Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。

7. try

try作动词,意为“尝试,努力”。主要用法如下:

(1) try to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事,尽量去做某事”,其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如:

Try not to be late again.

尽量别再迟到了。

Try to get here in two hours. 

尽量在两小时之内到达。

(2)try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”,强调尝试做某事。例如:

You should try eating more vegetables.

你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。

(3)try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如:

We should try our best to finish the work on time.

我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。

8. hard/hardly

hardly和hard形式上很接近,但意义截然不同。

(1)hard作形容词时,意为“困难的;硬的;勤奋的;严厉的;苛刻的”。

hard作副词时常用来表示程度,意为“努力地;猛烈地;剧烈地”。例如:

I work hard at school. 我在学校努力学习。

This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬,挖不动。

They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作,以求得成功。

【拓展】

work hard at…意为“努力于……”。例如:

He is working hard at English. 他正在努力学习英语。

(2)hardly是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,相当于almost not,并非hard的副词形式。例如:

There is hardly any coffee left. = There’s almost no coffee left.

几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。

练一练:

I. 英汉短语互译。

1.沉默;无声________

2.remember to do ________

3.首先;最初________

4.have fun doing sth.________

5.感觉;好像________

6.on the playground ________

7.(闹钟)发出响声_______

8.report sth. to sb. ________

9.逐渐变弱、消失________

10.fall asleep _____________

II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。

1.Maybe there will be a thunder ________(暴风雨).

2.My mind ________(突然) switched back to my conversation with Jeremy.

3.The smoker tossed away the lighted ________(火柴)and so caused a fire.

4.I can’t read while you are standing in my ________(光线).

5.It was _______(报道) that there was going to be a football match.

6.The farm is about 50 or 60 square kilometers in the ________(地区).

7.You should fly your kite a ________ the wind.

8.It rained so ________(大) last night that the lake is full of water now.

9.John was very tired.He soon fell a ________.

10.I just want to b________ this bad guy.

III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1.I guess from his red eyes that he has been working too _____ (hard) recently.

2.Please remember _____(clean) the room after work.

3.Wish you have fun _____(learn) English this term.

4.—Why didn’t you attend yesterday’s presentation?

—Sorry,I _____(wait)for an important EMS then from an editor.

5.Almost everyone knows that the moon _____(rise) in the east.

【参考答案】

I. 英汉短语互译。

1. in silence

2. 记得做某事

3. at first

4. 做某事很有趣

5. feel like

6. 在操场上

7. go off

8.向某人报告某事

9. die down

10. 睡着

II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。

1. storm 2. suddenly 3. match

4. light 5. reported 6. area

7. against 8. heavily

9. asleep 10. beat

III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. hard 2. to clean 3. learning

4. was waiting 5. rises

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