常见的英国人的名字(英读廊人的眼睛为什么只有棕)

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#英语思维#

#英语#

#眼睛#

常见的英国人的名字(英读廊人的眼睛为什么只有棕)(1)

Why are human eye colours restricted to brown, blue, green, and in extremely rare cases, red, as opposed to other colours?【译】为什么人眼的颜色仅限于棕色、蓝色、绿色,在极少数情况下,还有红色,而不是其他颜色?【单词】eye [ahy][aɪ] n. 眼睛【单词】colours 原型 colour(也可以写作color) ['kʌlə] n. 颜色【单词】restricted 原型:restrict [ri-'strikt][rɪ'strɪkt] vt. 限制;约束【单词】brown [broun][braʊn] adj. 棕色的;褐色的【单词】blue [bloo][bluː] adj. 蓝色的【单词】extremely [ik-'streem-lee][ɪk'striːmli] adv. 非常;极其【单词】rare [rair][reə] adj. 罕见的;珍贵的【单词】opposed 这里是过去分词作形容词用,表示“相反的”, 原型:oppose [uh-'pohz][ə'pəʊz] v. 反对;对抗;使对立

Eye color is in the Iris, and the Iris has two layers, a back layer that's always fully pigmented, and a thicker front layer.【译】眼睛的颜色在虹膜上,虹膜有两层,一层是完全着色的后一层,另一层是较厚的前一层。【单词】layer ['ley-er]['leɪə] n. 层【单词】fully ['foo l-ee, 'foo l-lee]['fʊli] adv. 十分地;完全地;全部【单词】pigmented [pɪɡ'mentɪd] adj. 有颜色的【单词】thicker 原型:thick 形容词比较级 [thik][θɪk] adj. 厚的;浓密的;粗的【单词】Iris ['ahy-ris]['aɪrɪs] n. 虹膜

【解析】虹膜是血管膜的最前部,呈环状。位于眼睛的晶状体的前方,将眼房分为前房和后房。

The pigment is melanin, same that makes our skin different colors.【译】色素是黑色素,同样使我们的皮肤呈不同的颜色。【单词】pigment ['pig-muhnt]['pɪɡmənt] n. 色素; 颜料【单词】melanin ['mel-uh-nin]['melənɪn] n. 黑色素【单词】skin [skin][skɪn] n. 皮肤;外皮

Now when the front layer is densely pigmented, it appears dark, like brown or even black (though shine a bright enough light and you'll see black eyes are just very dark brown).【译】现在,当前一层是浓密的色素,它看起来很暗,像棕色,甚至黑色(尽管在足够亮的光线照射下,你会看到黑色的眼睛其实只是非常深的棕色)。【单词】densely [dens][densli] adv. 密集地;浓厚地【单词】shine [shahyn][ʃaɪn] v. 照耀;发光;投光于【单词】bright [brahyt][braɪt] adj. 明亮的;阳光的;生动的

If it's not pigmented, it appears light blue.【译】如果没有着色,它就会呈现淡蓝色。

Why?【译】为什么?

Same reason the sky's blue, light scatters in it.【译】同样的原因,天空是蓝色的,光在其中散射。【单词】sky [skahy][skaɪ] n. 天空【单词】scatters 原型:scatter ['skat-er]['skætə] vt. 散播;撒 vi. 分散;消散

Light scattering is a different topic, but basically short wavelengths (ie blue) bounce differently in the fluffy front layer without pigment.【译】光散射是一个另一个话题,但基本上短波长(即蓝色)在蓬松的前一层没有色素而反射的方式不同。【单词】topic ['top-ik]['tɒpɪk] n. 题目;话题;标题【单词】basically ['bey-sik-lee]['beɪsɪkli] adv. 基本上;主要地【单词】wavelengths 原型:wavelength ['weyv-length]['weɪvleŋθ] n. 波长;波段【单词】bounce [bouns][baʊns] vi. 弹起【单词】differently ['dif-er-uhnt-lee, 'dif-ruhnt‐]['dɪfrəntli] adv. 不同地【单词】fluffy ['fluhf-ee]['flʌfi] adj. 毛绒绒的;蓬松的;空洞的

What about in between?【译】中间呢?

Well it turns out if there's pigment but it's not super dense, it's a bit of a lighter brown or dark orange.【译】如果有色素,但不是超浓的,会是浅棕色或深橙色。【单词】super ['soo-per]['suːpə] adj. 超级的;极好的【单词】dense [dens][dens] adj. 密集的;稠密的;浓密的【单词】lighter ['lahy-ter]['laɪtə] adj. light的形容词/副词比较级,更浅的【单词】orange ['awr-inj, 'or-]['ɒrɪndʒ] adj. 橙色的

We call these amber eyes.【译】我们称之为琥珀色的眼睛。【单词】amber ['am-ber]['æmbə] adj. 琥珀的;琥珀色的

常见的英国人的名字(英读廊人的眼睛为什么只有棕)(2)

If it's between amber and blue, then it's like a cross between light orange and blue.【译】如果它介于琥珀色和蓝色之间,那么它就像是浅橙色和蓝色之间的混合。【单词】cross [kraws, kros][krɒs] n. 交叉

That's how you get green eyes.【译】人就是这样有了绿色的眼睛的。

So that's how you get the spectrum: from blue to green to amber to brown to black.【译】这就是光谱推进的方式:从蓝色到绿色到琥珀色到棕色到黑色。【单词】spectrum ['spek-truhm]['spektrəm] n. 系列;幅度;范围;光谱

So what about "red" or "violet" eyes?【译】那“红”色或“紫”色的眼睛呢?【单词】violet ['vahy-uh-lit]['vaɪələt] adj. 紫色的

Turns out I lied in the beginning; that back layer I mentioned that's always pigmented isn't in a medical condition: Albinism.【译】哈哈,其实我一开始就说的不对;我提到的一直有色素沉着的那一层不是医学上的:白化病。【单词】lied 原型:lie [lahy][laɪ] v. 说谎【单词】beginning 原型:begin [bih-'gin][bɪ'ɡɪn] v. 开始【单词】mentioned 原型:mention ['men-shuhn]['menʃn] vt. 提到;说起【单词】medical ['med-i-kuhl]['medɪkl] adj. 医疗的;医学的;医药的【单词】condition [kuh n-'dish-uh n][kən'dɪʃn] n. 条件;情况【专有名词】Albinism ['al-buh-niz-uhm]['ælbɪnɪzəm] n. 白化病;皮肤变白症

These folks unfortunately have a defect in producing melanin pigment, which is why they all have fair skin and light hair and such.【译】不幸的是,这些人在产生黑色素方面有缺陷,这就是为什么他们都有浅白色的皮肤和浅色的头发等等。【单词】folks 原型:folk [fohk][fəʊk] n. 人们;(某类或来自某个地方的)人【单词】unfortunately [uhn-'fawr-chuh-nit][ʌn'fɔːtʃənətli] adv. 不幸地;遗憾地【单词】defect ['dee-fekt]['diːfekt] n. 缺点;缺陷【单词】fair [fair][feə] adj. (皮肤、毛发等)浅色的;白皙的

So why red?【译】为什么会是红色呢?

It's the same reason you can get red eyes in flash photography; the red is the color of the retina in the back of the eye.【译】同样的道理,你可以在闪光摄影中看到红色的眼睛;红色是眼睛后面视网膜的颜色。【单词】flash [flash][flæʃ] n. 闪光(灯)【单词】photography [fuh-'tog-ruh-fee][fə'tɒɡrəfi] n. 摄影【单词】retina ['ret-n-uh, 'ret-nuh]['retɪnə] n. 视网膜

Flash photography causes you to accidentally image peoples retinas.【译】拍照时使用闪光灯会让你不小心拍到别人的视网膜。【单词】accidentally [ak-si-'den-tl][ˌæksɪ'dentəli] adv. 偶然地;意外地;附带地【单词】image ['im-ij]['ɪmɪdʒ] vt. 拍摄;描绘

Now without the pigment in the back layer of the iris, the iris almost functionally becomes like Saran Wrap; it's clear and doesn't block out light anymore.【译】现在没有色素在虹膜的底层,虹膜的功能几乎变得像合成纤维包装;它是清晰的,不再遮光。【单词】functionally ['fuhngk-shuh-nl]['fʌŋkʃənəli] adv. 功能上;机能上【单词】block out v. 阻塞,阻断【单词】anymore [en-ee-'mawr, -'mohr]['enɪmɔː] adv. (通常用于疑问句或否定句中,与not连用)再,也,还【专有名词】Saran [suh-'ran][sə'ræn] n. [化]丝龙(一种合成纤维)【单词】wrap [rap][ræp] n. 包装材料

So when you see red (or violet) eyes, you're seeing retina through their Iris.【译】所以当你看到红色(或紫色)的眼睛时,你是通过虹膜看到视网膜的。

Side note: this is one reason why folks with albinism have poor vision.【译】旁注:这是白化病患者视力差的原因之一。【单词】vision ['vizh-uhn]['vɪʒn] n. 视力;视觉

The purpose of the iris is to act like a camera aperature.【译】虹膜的作用就像照相机的光圈。【单词】purpose ['pur-puhs]['pɜːpəs] n. 目的;决心;意图【单词】camera ['kam-er-uh, 'kam-ruh]['kæmərə] n. 照相机;摄像机

Without pigment, it can't block out light like an aperature, removing a whole element of the focusing system of the eye.【译】如果没有色素,它就无法像光圈一样阻挡光线,从而使眼睛的聚焦系统的完全失效。【单词】removing 原型:remove [ri-'moov][rɪ'muːv] v. 消除【单词】element ['el-uh-muhnt]['elɪmənt] n. 要素;元素【单词】focusing 原型:focus ['foh-kuhs]['fəʊkəs] v. (使)集中;聚集;聚焦

Disclaimer: this is a bit of an oversimplification of how eye colors work, but it's fundamentally not too far off.【译】免责声明:这是一个可能有些过于简单化的眼睛颜色的原理描述,但它基本与事实差距不大。【单词】disclaimer [dis-'kley-mer][dɪs'kleɪmə] n. 放弃;弃权;免责声明【单词】oversimplification [oh-ver-'sim-pluh-fahy][ˌəʊvəˌsɪmplɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n. 过于简化【单词】fundamentally [fuhn-duh-'men-tl-ee][ˌfʌndə'mentəli] adv. 从根本上;基本地

常见的英国人的名字(英读廊人的眼睛为什么只有棕)(3)

The genetics that go into eye color get very complex, don't think it's some single gene thing; I know this explanation makes it seem like there's just one toggle, but that's not how the genetic part of it works.【译】关于眼睛颜色的基因很复杂,不要认为这是某个单一的基因引起的;我知道刚才这个解释使它看起来好像只有一个决定因素,但这不是基因部分如何起作用的全部。【短语】part of ... (某事物的)一部分;例句:He received part of his education in England. 他有一部分教育是在英国接受的。【单词】genetics 原型:genetic [juh-'net-ik][dʒə'netɪk] adj. 遗传的;基因的;起源的【单词】complex [kuhm-'pleks]['kɒmpleks] adj. 复杂的【单词】gene [jeen][dʒiːn] n. 基因【单词】explanation [ek-spluh-'ney-shuhn][ˌeksplə'neɪʃn] n. 解释;说明【单词】toggle ['tog-uhl]['tɒɡl] n. 触发器;开关

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