小学六年级下册英语湘鲁版知识点（鲁教版六年级英语下册重点语法整理）

一、 动词（verbs）1、情态动词，我来为大家科普一下关于小学六年级下册英语湘鲁版知识点?下面希望有你要的答案，我们一起来看看吧!

小学六年级下册英语湘鲁版知识点

一、 动词（verbs）

1、情态动词

情态动词表示说话人对所说动作的观点，如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词没有时态的变化，如must。情态动词本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带“to”的动词原形连用。常见情态动词有can，may，must，have to，should，would等。情态动词一般有多个意义。情态动词的否定式一般是在其后面加not构成，一般疑问句通常将其提到句首。情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。

1）can

（1）表示能力

We can speak a little English.

Her sister can play the violin.

I can play badminton but I can’t play volleyball.

（2）表示许可

You can play basketball on weekends.

We can’t run in the hallways.

（3）表示请求

Can you help me with my Chinese?

Could you tell him to call me back?（这儿的could比can更委婉。）

2）must表示“必须”

Don’t arrive late for class. We must be on time.

Molly must do her homework first when she gets home.

3）have to表示 “不得不”，“必须”

We have to be quiet in the library.

She has to do her homework first when she gets home.

have to表示“必须”时与must意义很接近，有时可与must互换。例如：

We have to/must follow the rules.

但在以下方面有所不同：

（1）must通常表示的是说话人的主观看法，语气比较强列，have to往往强调客观需要，例如：

I must go now.

It’s a little late and I have to go now.

（2）它们的否定式含义大不相同。mustn’t表示“不准”、“禁止”，而don’t have to表示“不必”。例如：

You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.

You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.

（3）must一般只表示现在，没有人称和数的变化。而have to则可以用于不同的时态，有人称和数的变化。例如：

I/We/You/They must do something about it.

I have to finish my work today.

She has to finish her work today.

They had to get to the station before 5:00.

2、现在进行时

1）现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。例如：

The students are listening to the teacher.

He is watching TV now.

现在进行时也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如：

We are working on a farm these days.

I’m reading a history book this month.

2）现在进行时是由助动词be（am/is/are）加动词-ing形式构成的。以动词work为例，现在进行时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略答语如下：

肯定式/否定式：

I am working.

He/She is working.

We/You/They are working.

I am not working.

He/She is not working.

We/You/They are not working.

疑问式和简略答语：

Am I working?

Yes, you are.

No, you are not（aren’t）.

Are we working?

Yes, we/you are.

No, we/you are not （aren’t）.

Are you working?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Are you working?

Yes, you are.

No, you are not （aren’t）.

Is he/she working?

Yes, he/she is.

No, he/she is not（isn’t）.

Are they working?

Yes, they are.

No, they are not （aren’t）.

3)动词-ing形式的构成：

类别/构成方法/例词

①一般情况加-ing：

go---going

ask---asking

look---looking

②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing：

write---writing

make---making

take---taking

③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing：

get---getting

sit----sitting

put---putting

run---running

begin---beginning

二、There be结构

There be结构的一般现在时是There is/are。“There is/are 某物/某人 某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。这种结构中的there没有实际意义。句子中的be（is/are）和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。

There be结构的一般现在时基本句型如下：

句式/一般现在时

肯定式：

There is (There’s) a supermarket on that road.

There are many people here on vacation.

There is (There’s) some ice on the lake.

否定式：

There isn’t a supermarket on that road.

There aren’t many people here on vacation.

There isn’t any ice on the lake.

疑问式：

Is there a supermarket on that road?

Are there many people here on vacation?

Is there any ice on the lake?

在有并列主语的情况下，往往根据第一个主语的单复数来确定动词be的形式。例如：

There is a pen and two books on the desk.

There are two boys and a girl in the room.

三、数词

1、基数词：基数词表示数目的多少。

one 1/two 2/there 3/four 4/five 5

six 6/seven 7/eight 8/nine 9/ten 10

eleven 11/twelve 12/thirteen 13

fourteen 14/fifteen 15/sixteen 16

seventeen 17/eighteen 18

nineteen 19/twenty 20

twenty-one 21/twenty-two 22

thirty 30/forty 40

fifty 50/sixty 60

seventy 70/eighty 80

ninety 90/one hundred 100

one hundred and one 101

two hundred 200

2、序数词

序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。

first 1st

second 2nd

third 3rd

fourth 4th

fifth 5th

sixth 6th

seventh 7th

eight 8th

ninth 9th

tenth 10th

eleventh 11th

twelfth 12th

thirteenth 13th

fourteenth 14th

fifteenth 15th

sixteenth 16th

seventeenth 17th

eighteenth 18th

nineteenth 19th

twentieth 20th

twenty-first 21st

twenty-second 22nd

thirtieth 30th

fortieth 40th

fiftieth 50th

sixtieth 60th

seventieth 70th

eightieth 80th

ninetieth 90th

hundredth 100th

one hundred and first 101st

四、介词

介词一般位于名词或代词前，表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语（若是人称代词，则要用宾格）。介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。

1、表示时间的介词

表示时间的介词主要有at,on和in，它们的常见用法如下：

at/on/in

钟点 at six o’clock

用餐 at lunch time

节日 at Christmas

年龄 at the age of 20

时间 at this time

一天中的某段时间 at noon/at night

某一天的某时段 on Saturday morning

星期几 on Sunday

日期 on May 4th

节假日 on New Year’s Day

on weekends

on vacation

一天中的某段时间 In the afternoon

月份 in April

季节 in spring

年份 in 1949

其他表示时间的介词还有before，after等，例如：before breakfast/class/school，after breakfast/class/school。

2、表示地点的介词

表示地点的介词和介词短语很多，如at，in，on，near，next to，in front of，before，under，behind，beside，between，in the front of，in the middle of，at the back of等，其中最常用、最灵活的是at，in和on这三个介词。比如，“在学校里”可以说in school，也可以说at school。

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