高中英语语法填空考点归纳(语法高中英语语法填空基础知识)

语法填空是近年来高考英语必考题型,是通过语篇考查语法知识的运用能力的题型,今天小编就来聊一聊关于高中英语语法填空考点归纳?接下来我们就一起去研究一下吧!

高中英语语法填空考点归纳(语法高中英语语法填空基础知识)

高中英语语法填空考点归纳

语法填空是近年来高考英语必考题型,是通过语篇考查语法知识的运用能力的题型。

这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。虽然整体上有所差距,北京版的是三个段落考察10个空,全国卷是一个段落10个空,。

本题型分两种情况:

一种为已给(有)单词提示填空,

一种为不给(无)单词提示填空。

解题时应将词汇和语篇相结合,从这两个角度来解答。

认真阅读学习该类试题方法,认真练习,想不考满分都难。

本文系列试图再从词形变换和不变化角度详解一些技巧应用,以助在此题型上不失分!

高考语法填空题主要考察学生对语法知识掌握的能力,考察内容分为有词提示填空和无词提示填空。

有词提示填空一般是给出动词,形容词,名词,代词等;

无词提示填空是根据上下文的语境,填入冠词、连词(含从句连接词)、介词、代词、副词、情态动词及助动词等。

先来谈一谈有词提示填空的解题方法。

1、有词提示(动词)

有词提示填空,如果给出动词,首先要判断句子有没有谓语,如果没有谓语,就要考虑填写时态与语态。举例如下:

2016(新课标卷I)

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base , where ticket money helps pay for research. I_____(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

答案解析:根据句子结构,句子没有谓语,allow用法是:allow sb to do sth 例句中allow后面没有宾语,主语I与allow之间是被动关系,且前一句的“was”表明此处应用一般过去时。答案: was allowed。

如果句子当中有谓语,所给的词是动词,那我们就要考虑填写非谓语动词,非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式to do, 动词v-ing形式, 过去分词。

2016(全国卷Ⅱ)

If you find something you love doing outside of the office ,you’ll be likely____(bring) your work home.

答案解析:根据句子结构分析,句子有谓语be动词,固定短语 be likely to do sth ,考查不定式。答案:to bring.

2016(全国卷Ⅰ)

My ambassadorial duties will include_____(introduce) British Visitors to the 120-plus Panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

答案解析:动词 include 在句子中做谓语. 用法是 include doing sth. 考查动词v-ing形式。答案: introducing

2016(全国卷Ⅰ)

I was the first Western TV reporter_____(permit) to film a special unit caring for Pandas rescued form starvation in the world.

答案解析:根据句子结构,句子有谓语was, permit与reporter之间是被动关系,考查过去分词,因此填写过去分词permitted,做reporter后置定语。答案:permitted

小窍门

句子有谓语,在介词后面给出动词,就填动词v-ing;如果所给动词在介词前面,一般填写过去分词。另外,在所给动词前有逗号,句子有谓语,句子的主语是所给动词的逻辑主语时,一般填写动词v-ing形式。动词v-ing在句子中做状语。

举例如下:

2015 (全国课标卷Ⅰ)

A study of travelers____( conduct ) by the website Tripadvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

答案解析:句中names是谓语 ,动词conduct在句中不能做谓语,与a study of travelers是被动关系,后面紧跟了介词by,刚刚我们的小窍门里讲到,如果所给动词在介词前面,就选择过去分词。答案:conducted

2015 (全国新课标Ⅱ)

In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to"air condition"a house without _____(use) electric equipment.

答案解析:without是介词,介词后面,如果给出动词,直接填写动词v-ing。答案是:using

2016 (全国卷Ⅲ )

People probably cooked their food in large pots ,_____ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.

答案解析:句子的谓语是cooked,主语people是use的逻辑主语,同时use前有逗号,后有宾语 twigs,根据小窍门,填写动词v-ing,在句子中的状语.答案:using.

另外,如果给出动词,也要考虑词形的转换,即动词转换成名词形式。举例:

2016 (全国卷Ⅰ)

But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_____(attract).

答案解析:attract是动词,its是形容词性的物主代词,top是形容词,那么这里就应填写名词形式。答案:attraction

2、有词提示(形容词)

如果括号内给出的是形容词,一般是考查副词,即变成副词形式。副词一般是修饰句子中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,在句子中做状语,举例如下:

2016(新课标卷I)The title will be____(official) given to me at a ceremony in Condon.答案解析:official 是形容词,不能在句子中做状语,通常只做定语或表语,修饰名词,在这里要修饰谓语 be given.所以要使用副词。答案:officially.

但有时也要根据语境判断是否需要变成名词的形式或否定含义。例如:

2016(新课标卷I)At last, her courage and ____(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University .答案解析:wise是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成份,一起充当主语,所以要填写名词形式。答案:wisdomDo you tend to yell and scream or say hurtful, mean _____(respectful) things.答案解析:respectful 是形容词,后面接了名词things,说明仍然要填写形容词,根据前面的形容词hurtful(有害的),mean(吝啬的)与所给的respectful (有礼貌的)相反,而且表示并列,所以要使用反义词。答案:disrespectful。

另外,通常有表示范围 in / of 介词短语或形容词前有 the 时,一般要用最高级;than 的前面一定要用比较级;或根据上下文的语境来填写最高级或比较级。分别举例如下:

2016.(新课标II)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work ,you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of _____(great) and less importance .答案解析:根据语境及下文的“and less importance ”可知,此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance ,所以填greater.2014.(全国卷I) Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____(clean) than ever.答案解析:clean 后面有than,这里就需要填写比较级。答案:cleaner.One of the _____ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher.答案解析:这是“one of the 最高级 名词复数的形式”,表示“其中最...的..之一”,bad 的最高级是 worst。答案:worst.

根据以上例句,我们总结了有词提示填空所给词是形容词的解题技巧,希望同学们在学习中能够灵活运用并充分掌握。今天我们就讲到这里,下节课我们接着讲有词提示填空给出名词、代词的解题方法。

课后练习:

1.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take breaks _____(regular). 2016.II2.Of the goods transported and trade along the old Sick Road linking China to the Middle East and Europe ,the ____(important) of tea was matched only by silk.3.Looking back, I know the _____(great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear.4.Compared with other forms of writing ,it is shorter and take_____(little) time.

答案:

1.regularly 2.importance 3.greatest 4.less

3、有词提示(名词、代词)

有词提示填空给出名词,就要填写名词的单复数,名词变成形容词或者名词的所有格。

举例如下:

2016 (全国卷Ⅱ)Recent _____ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案解析:show 在句中是谓语,为复数形式。“study”做“研究,调查”讲时,为可数名词,因此主语为复数。答案:studies

2014 (全国卷Ⅰ)Just be______ (patience).答案解析:patience 是名词,空格前有系动词be,这个句子是一个祈使句,构成短语 be patient (耐心点) ,在这里是考查名词变成形容词的形式。答案:patient In _______ (today) world ,as we are inching towards global warming and warning , trees serve as our best friend to keep us away from this.答案解析: today 是名词,空格后又有名词world,这里就要填写today的所有格形式修饰world。答案:today's

如果有词提示所给的词是代词,要根据上下文的语境及语义可以填写人称代词、物主代词、反身代词或不定代词。

我们也分别举例来说明:

She did not hesitate for long,although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please______ (he).答案解析:please 是动词,后面要使用人称代词的宾格。答案:him。2016 (全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by______(it ) mother.答案解析:mother 是名词,这里就要填写形容词性的物主代词,答案:itsThe choice is _______ (you).答案解析:根据句子结构,所填的词是表语,根据句意是your choice. 所以用名词性的物主代词 yours 代替 your choice. 答案:yours

I patiently walked to the library ,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax_______( I ).答案解析:relax 是动词, relax 的用法是 relax oneself . 所以这里填写反身代词 答案:myself What matters in this life is helping____(other) win, even if it means slowing down and changing our course.答案解析:other 是不定代词,是形容词性的物主代词,后面要接名词。根据短语 help sb do ,other的名词性物主代词可以做宾语,所以填写 others ,指代其它人。答案:others

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