词义转化的原则和方法英语(记住)

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"He ate his words."千万不要翻译成“他食言了”。错了!

20世纪40年代的《英汉四用词典》曾把"to ate one's words"译成“食言”,这是错的,因为这个短语真正的含义是:

To take a statement back and say in a humble way that one was wrong.

承认错误并乖乖的收回所说的话。

而不是它字面的意思,如果要表达“食言”之意,应该说:to go back one's words to break one's words.

To eat one's words

To eat one's words =to swallow one's words

例句:

①The naughty boy boasted that he would throw me downstairs,but I made him swallow his words/eat his words.

这个顽童扬言要把我摔下楼,但我使他收回前言,俯首认错。

②They said he’d never win another tournament, but a month later he forced them to eat their words as he won the US Open.

他们说他永远不会再次获得锦标赛的冠军了,可是一个月之后,他迫使他们收回前言,俯首认错,因为他获得了美国公开赛冠军。

词义转化的原则和方法英语(记住)(1)

eat their heads off

此外,短语"eat their heads off",也不能按照字面的意思翻译成:“吃掉他们的头”,因为它的真正含义是:“吃大量的食物”(eat a large amount of food),它专用以指动物吃食,特别是马的吃食,现在也可以用来指人的吃食。哈哈哈,真是相聚十万八千里呢!

例句:

There are two horses in the stable,eating their head off and doing no work.

马厩里的那两匹马,吃的多,不干活。

词义转化的原则和方法英语(记住)(2)

eat one's heart out

"eat one's heart out"也不可译成“吃掉一个人的心”,它的真正含义是“担忧”,“急躁”(worry or fret[fret]),属于口语体

例句:

It's no use eating your heart out about things that can't be helped.

对于那些无法可想之事担忧也没有用。

It's no use doing sth.表示“做.....无用”

01.覆水难收

It's no use crying over split milk.

这就是我们常说的谚语, “覆水难收”但是不能翻译成:It's no use crying over split water.

02.我喜欢这个小女孩

"The little girl is dear to me"不要翻译成“这个小女孩对我很亲热。”如果要是此含义应说成:"The little girl is affectionate to me."

其实这句话要表达的是:“我喜欢这个小女孩”。dear是形容词表被动的含义,相当于"beloved""lovable"。

例句:

①He is a man dear to all.

所有人都喜欢他。

②What a dear little child!

多么招人喜爱的小孩啊!

③Freedom is dearer to him than life.

对他来说,自由比生命更宝贵。

④You are a dear.

你是个可爱的人。(此处做名词,dear依旧有被动的含义。)

词义转化的原则和方法英语(记住)(3)

此外,名词stranger 和形容词strange的用法和dear颇为相似。

例句:

①He is a stranger to me.

我不认识他。(不可译成“他不认识我”)

②His handwriting is strange to me.

他的字迹我不认识。(不可译成“他的字迹不认得我”)

③He has a Weakness for fish.

难道是鱼对他来说是个弱点?鱼过敏?那就错了,应该是:他喜欢吃鱼。

Weakness做名词除了有“弱点”之外,还可以表达“爱好,宠爱的事物”。

例句:

①He had a weakness for fine cloths.

他很讲究衣着。

②Ice cream is my weakness.

我很爱吃冰淇淋。

③John has a weakness for money.

约翰爱钱如命。

④Drinking is Tao Yuanming’s natural weakness,but,being poor,he cannot afford to buy wine.

陶渊明生性爱酒,但家贫不能常得。

"weakness"在做“爱好”讲时,前面通常用"a",后面接"for"。我们现在知道了,当weakness表达fondness,special liking or desire.的时候,不能翻译成“弱点”。

词义转化的原则和方法英语(记住)(4)

今天关于英语不可望文生义的一些常见表达你学会了吗?

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