高中英语单词必修一构词法分类（高中英语构词法大全）

2. 后缀

　　(1)形容词后缀

　　●-able“可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

　　●-al“与……有关的”physical, magical, political

　　●-an“属于某地方的人”American African

　　●-ern“方向”southern, northern, eastern

　　●-ful/ less“(没)有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

　　●-ish“如……的;有……特征的”foolish childish selfish

　　●-ive“有……倾向的”active attractive expensive

　　●-en“由……制成的”golden wooden woolen

　　●-ous“有(性质)的”famous, dangerous, poisonous

　　●-ly“有……性质的”friendly yearly daily

　　●-y“构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy

　　(2)名词后缀

　　●-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

　　●-ese “某国(人)的”Chinese, Japanese

　　●-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician

　　●-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist

　　●-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess

　　●-ment“行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement

　　●-ness“性质，状态”illness, sadness, carelessness

　　●-tion“动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation

　　●-ance/ ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence

　　●-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth

　　●-ful“(满的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful

　　●-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability

　　●-al“过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval

　　●-y“性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty

　　●-dom“处于……状态;性质”freedom, boredom

　　●-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage

　　(3)动词后缀

　　●-fy / ify “使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify

　　●-en“使成为;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden

　　●-ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize

　　(4)副词后缀

　　●-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily

　　●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards

　　(5)数词后缀

　　●-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

　　●-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty

　　●-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth