ted演讲儿童希望之星（如何教孩子爱上科学）

关键词（Keyword）：TED演讲，创造思维，动手能力，环境保护，亲子活动，今天小编就来聊一聊关于ted演讲儿童希望之星?接下来我们就一起去研究一下吧!

ted演讲儿童希望之星

关键词（Keyword）：TED演讲，创造思维，动手能力，环境保护，亲子活动

演讲简介：

总感觉科学离我们很远，离孩子很远，我们不够专业，不够能力去引导孩子认识科学，走进科学。Cesar Harada是一名在香港教书的年轻国外老师，他负责教孩子们科学和发明课，用科学方法解决环境困局。第一次听这种学科，Cesar Harada非常不错的教育理念是激发孩子的创造力和动手能力，这是值得我们学习借鉴和深思的，因为它受用于孩子一生！

TED演讲：如何教孩子爱上科学（中英字幕版）

演讲者：Cesar Harada | TED Fellows Retreat 2015主 题：How I teach kids to love science整 理：tedtalking

双语演讲稿：

When I was a kid, my parents would tell me, "You can make a mess, but you have to clean up after yourself." So freedom came with responsibility. But my imagination would take me to all these wonderful places, where everything was possible. So I grew up in a bubble of innocence -- or a bubble of ignorance, I should say, because adults would lie to us to protect us from the ugly truth. And growing up, I found out that adults make a mess, and they're not very good at cleaning up after themselves.

当我还是个孩子时， 我父母告诉我， “你可以把东西搞得一团糟， 但是之后你必须收拾好。” 所以自由和责任其实是伴随发生的。 我的想象力会把我带到 一个什么都可以发生的， 神奇的地方。 我在一个充满天真的世界中成长—— 或者应该说是一个无知的世界， 因为大人们会对我们说谎， 来避免我们接触到丑恶的现实。 当我们逐渐长大，我发现 其实大人们的世界一团糟， 而且他们并不善于收拾烂摊子。

Fast forward, I am an adult now, and I teach citizen science and invention at the Hong Kong Harbour School. And it doesn't take too long before my students walk on a beach and stumble upon piles of trash. So as good citizens, we clean up the beaches -- and no, he is not drinking alcohol, and if he is, I did not give it to him.

现在，我变成了个大人， 我在香港港口小学教科学和发明课。 没过多久， 我的学生们走在海滩上的时候， 就发现了成堆的垃圾。 作为好公民，我们清理了海滩—— 不，他不是在喝酒， 就算是，酒也不是我给的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And so it's sad to say, but today more than 80 percent of the oceans have plastic in them. It's a horrifying fact. And in past decades, we've been taking those big ships out and those big nets, and we collect those plastic bits that we look at under a microscope, and we sort them, and then we put this data onto a map. But that takes forever, it's very expensive, and so it's quite risky to take those big boats out.

很遗憾地说， 如今超过80%的海洋里有塑料制品。 这是个很可怕的事实。 在过去的几十年里， 我们用这些大船拖着大网把垃圾捞出来， 我们把塑料垃圾收集起来， 用显微镜观察， 然后把它们分类， 之后我们把这些数据写在了一张地图上。 但那要花很长时间，成本也非常高， 而且开那些大船是很危险的。

So with my students, ages six to 15, we've been dreaming of inventing a better way. So we've transformed our tiny Hong Kong classroom into a workshop. And so we started building this small workbench, with different heights, so even really short kids can participate. And let me tell you, kids with power tools are awesome and safe.

所以我，和我的6到15岁的学生们， 一直都梦想创造一个更好的办法。 于是，我们把在香港的 一个小教室变成了一个工作室。 然后我们就开始建造这个小工作台， 把它们做成不同的高度，就算是个子矮的 小朋友也可以参加进来了。 告诉你们吧，拿着电动工具的孩子们 其实很酷炫而且很安全。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Not really. And so, back to plastic. We collect this plastic and we grind it to the size we find it in the ocean, which is very small because it breaks down. And so this is how we work. I let the imaginations of my students run wild. And my job is to try to collect the best of each kid's idea and try to combine it into something that hopefully would work. And so we have agreed that instead of collecting plastic bits, we are going to collect only the data. So we're going to get an image of the plastic with a robot -- so robots, kids get very excited. And the next thing we do -- we do what we call "rapid prototyping." We are so rapid at prototyping that the lunch is still in the lunchbox when we're hacking it.

开个玩笑。 咱们回到塑料制品那个话题。 我们收集了一些塑料制品然后把它们 磨成了在海里找到它们时的大小， 特别特别小，因为它们在海里都分解了。 我们是这么做的。 我让我的学生们充分发挥想象力。 而我的工作就是尽量收集 每个孩子最好的想法， 然后试着去把这些想法和一些 期望能行的通的东西结合起来。 之后我们就达成了一致， 我们不收集塑料品了， 我们决定仅仅收集数据。 我们打算用机器人来获取 塑料制品的图片—— 有了机器人，孩子们简直兴奋死了。 我们的下一步工作—— 我们称之为“快速原型设计”。 我们的原型设计做得非常快， 以至于我们午饭还没吃完， 饭盒就被征用了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And we hack table lamps and webcams, into plumbing fixtures and we assemble that into a floating robot that will be slowly moving through water and through the plastic that we have there -- and this is the image that we get in the robot. So we see the plastic pieces floating slowly through the sensor, and the computer on board will process this image, and measure the size of each particle, so we have a rough estimate of how much plastic there is in the water.

我们把桌灯和网络摄像头 装到了卫生洁具上， 然后把它们组装在漂浮机器人上， 机器人会在水面上缓缓移动， 穿过水面上的塑料漂浮物—— 这就是我们用机器人得到的照片。 我们可以看到塑料碎片缓缓地 流经感应器， 内置的计算机就会分析这些影像， 并且计算出每个颗粒的大小， 所以我们就能对水中塑料品的数量 有一个粗略的估计了。

So we documented this invention step by step on a website for inventors called Instructables, in the hope that somebody would make it even better.

我们在一个叫Instructables的 发明家网站上 一步一步地记录下我们的发明， 希望有人可以继续完善它。

What was really cool about this project was that the students saw a local problem, and boom -- they are trying to immediately address it.

这个项目的精彩之处在于， 孩子们自己看到了当地的问题， 然后灵光一现——他们就马上开始 试着去解决这个问题了。

[I can investigate my local problem]

（我可以研究本地的问题）

But my students in Hong Kong are hyperconnected kids. And they watch the news, they watch the Internet, and they came across this image. This was a child, probably under 10, cleaning up an oil spill bare-handed, in the Sundarbans, which is the world's largest mangrove forest in Bangladesh. So they were very shocked, because this is the water they drink, this is the water they bathe in, this is the water they fish in -- this is the place where they live. And also you can see the water is brown, the mud is brown and oil is brown, so when everything is mixed up, it's really hard to see what's in the water. But, there's a technology that's rather simple, that's called spectrometry, that allows you see what's in the water. So we built a rough prototype of a spectrometer, and you can shine light through different substances that produce different spectrums, so that can help you identify what's in the water. So we packed this prototype of a sensor, and we shipped it to Bangladesh. So what was cool about this project was that beyond addressing a local problem, or looking at a local problem, my students used their empathy and their sense of being creative to help, remotely, other kids.

不过，我在香港的学生是 非常与时俱进的孩子。 他们常看新闻， 他们会上网， 然后他们就看到了这张照片。 这是一个大概不到10岁的孩子， 在徒手清理流出的油污， 地点在孟加拉国，拥有世界最大的 红树林的孙德尔本斯地区。 孩子们感到非常震惊， 因为这里的水就是当地人喝的水， 他们也常在这里洗澡， 在这里钓鱼—— 这是他们赖以生存的地方。 现在你们可以看到水是棕色的， 泥土是棕色的，油污也是棕色的， 当所有的东西都掺在一起时， 很难分清水里有什么东西。 但是，有一项相当简单的技术， 叫做光谱测定法， 可以让你看清水中物质的成分。 所以我们就做了一个分光仪的 简单原型， 让光线透过不同的物质， 产生不同的光谱， 这样就能帮你分辨水里的东西了。 我们就把这个感应器的原型打包好， 寄到了孟加拉国。 这个项目有意思的地方在于 这不只是解决一个本地问题， 或者研究一个本地问题了， 我的学生们用他们的同情心 和丰富的想象力 远程帮助了其他的孩子。

[I can investigate a remote problem]

（我可以解决一个远方的问题了）

So I was very compelled by doing the second experiments, and I wanted to take it even further -- maybe addressing an even harder problem, and it's also closer to my heart.

我做第二个实验时有一种 很强的使命感， 想要更进一步—— 或许我们可以解决一个更加困难， 同时也是我打心底里想研究的问题。

So I'm half Japanese and half French, and maybe you remember in 2011 there was a massive earthquake in Japan. It was so violent that it triggered several giant waves -- they are called tsunami -- and those tsunami destroyed many cities on the eastern coast of Japan. More than 14,000 people died in an instant. Also, it damaged the nuclear power plant of Fukushima, the nuclear power plant just by the water. And today, I read the reports and an average of 300 tons are leaking from the nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean. And today the whole Pacific Ocean has traces of contamination of cesium-137. If you go outside on the West Coast, you can measure Fukushima everywhere. But if you look at the map, it can look like most of the radioactivity has been washed away from the Japanese coast, and most of it is now -- it looks like it's safe, it's blue. Well, reality is a bit more complicated than this.

我是日法混血， 可能你们还记得在2011年 日本遭受了一次很强的地震。 地震破坏力很强，还引发了惊天巨浪—— 也就是海啸—— 海啸破坏了日本东边沿海地区的 很多城市。 一瞬间，超过一万四千人失去了生命。 而且，海啸还摧毁了福田核电站， 一个建在海边的核电站。 今天，我读了一些报告， 知道了大概300吨的核污水 从核电站流到了太平洋。 今天，整个太平洋都 受到了铯-137的污染。 如果你去美国的西海岸， 到处都能够发现福岛核泄露的痕迹。 但如果你从地图上看， 你会看到似乎大部分的放射物质 都从日本海岸冲走了， 现在核泄露的大部分—— 看起来都是安全的，因为是蓝色的。 然而，现实要比这复杂得多。

So I've been going to Fukushima every year since the accident, and I measure independently and with other scientists, on land, in the river -- and this time we wanted to take the kids. So of course we didn't take the kids, the parents wouldn't allow that to happen.

自从那次事故以来，我每年都会去福岛， 我和其他的科学家一起， 在陆地上、在水里 进行独立调查—— 这次我想带上孩子们。 当然我们没有真的把孩子们带过去， 家长们不会让我们这样做的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But every night we would report to "Mission Control" -- different masks they're wearing. It could look like they didn't take the work seriously, but they really did because they're going to have to live with radioactivity their whole life. And so what we did with them is that we'd discuss the data we collected that day, and talk about where we should be going next -- strategy, itinerary, etc... And to do this, we built a very rough topographical map of the region around the nuclear power plant. And so we built the elevation map, we sprinkled pigments to represent real-time data for radioactivity, and we sprayed water to simulate the rainfall. And with this we could see that the radioactive dust was washing from the top of the mountain into the river system, and leaking into the ocean. So it was a rough estimate.

但每晚我们都要向“任务控制部”汇报， 他们带着不同的面具。 看起来好像他们并没有认真工作， 但其实不然， 因为他们一辈子都要在这种 放射性的环境下生活。 我们跟他们一起做的工作 就是研究我们当天收集的数据， 并且讨论我们下一步该做什么—— 策略、行程等等······ 于是，我们做了一个 核电站周围区域的 很简单的地形图。 我们做了这个高程图， 在上面撒上颜料 来代表核放射的实时数据， 我们还会喷水来模拟下雨。 用这种方法我们看到了放射性尘埃 被雨水从山顶冲到了河流里， 最后流向大海。 这只是个粗略的估算。

But with this in mind, we organized this expedition, which was the closest civilians have been to the nuclear power plant. We are sailing 1.5 kilometers away from the nuclear power plant, and with the help of the local fisherman, we are collecting sediment from the seabed with a custom sediment sampler we've invented and built. We pack the sediment into small bags, we then dispatch them to hundreds of small bags that we send to different universities, and we produce the map of the seabed radioactivity, especially in estuaries where the fish will reproduce, and I will hope that we will have improved the safety of the local fishermen and of your favorite sushi.

基于这种方法， 我们组织了一次探索活动， 这也是公民们距离核电站 最近的一次了。 我们在离核电站1.5公里远的地方航行， 在当地渔民的帮助下， 我们用自己发明制作的 沉淀物采样器在海底 收集了一些沉淀物。 我们把这些沉淀物打成一个个的小包， 然后把这数百个小包封装好 寄给了很多大学， 我们做出了这个 海床放射活动的地图， 特别是在鱼类繁殖的河口地区， 我希望我们所做的这些 可以使当地的渔民和你们最爱的寿司 安全一点。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

You can see a progression here -- we've gone from a local problem to a remote problem to a global problem. And it's been super exciting to work at these different scales, with also very simple, open-source technologies. But at the same time, it's been increasingly frustrating because we have only started to measure the damage that we have done. We haven't even started to try to solve the problems. And so I wonder if we should just take a leap and try to invent better ways to do all these things.

你们可以看到我们的进步—— 我们从本地问题开始， 到外地的问题，最后再到世界问题。 做这些不同规模项目的感觉 真的特别爽， 我们使用的技术也是 非常简单和开源的。 但同时，我们也逐渐地感觉有些沮丧， 因为我们现在做的仅仅是测量 我们过去所造成的危害。 我们还没有开始解决这些问题。 所以我想知道， 我们能不能有一个飞跃， 想出一些更好的办法来解决这些问题呢？

And so the classroom started to feel a little bit small, so we found an industrial site in Hong Kong, and we turned it into the largest mega-space focused on social and environmental impact. It's in central Hong Kong, and it's a place we can work with wood, metal, chemistry, a bit of biology, a bit of optics, basically you can build pretty much everything there. And its a place where adults and kids can play together. It's a place where kids' dreams can come true, with the help of adults, and where adults can be kids again.

然后教室就显得有点小了， 我们找了香港的一处废弃工厂， 然后把它变成了一个最大的多用空间， 专门来研究社会和环境影响。 这是在香港市中心， 是一个我们可以做木工、 金工和化学实验的地方， 还可以做一些生物学和光学的实验， 在那里，基本上你什么都可以做。 这是一个大人和孩子 可以一起玩的地方。 这是一个在大人的帮助下， 孩子们可以梦想成真的地方， 在这里，大人们也返老还童了。

Student: Acceleration! Acceleration!

学生们：加油！加油！

Cesar Harada: We're asking questions such as, can we invent the future of mobility with renewable energy? For example. Or, can we help the mobility of the aging population by transforming very standard wheelchairs into cool, electric vehicles?

塞萨尔·原田： 我们经常提出这样的问题， 我们可以打造一个利用可再生能源的 移动设备的未来吗？ 这是一个例子。 还有，我们能把非常常见的轮椅 变成很酷的电动车， 让老年人的行动更加方便吗？

So plastic, oil and radioactivity are horrible, horrible legacies, but the very worst legacy that we can leave our children is lies. We can no longer afford to shield the kids from the ugly truth because we need their imagination to invent the solutions.

塑料制品、油污和核辐射 都是非常非常可怕的残留物， 但是最最可怕的 还是我们对孩子们说的谎话。 我们不能再对孩子们隐瞒丑恶的真相了， 因为我们需要他们解决问题的想象力。

So citizen scientists, makers, dreamers -- we must prepare the next generation that cares about the environment and people, and that can actually do something about it.

所以，科学家们、制造商们、 梦想家们—— 我们必须让我们的下一代开始 关心现在的环境和人们， 这样他们就可以采取行动解决问题了。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

传播有价值的思想和观点！我相信这些新观点和有价值思想将让我们的人生大不同！从中英文字幕到无字幕，重复视听，享受演讲内容！不用过于刻意，思维方式将会改变，生活将会改变，英文水平也会随之提高！欢迎关注！

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