世界名著书单20册（100本世界名著与经典文学-动物庄园）

《动物庄园》（Animal Farm）亦译作《动物农场》、《动物农庄》；是英国作家乔治·奥威尔创作的中篇小说，1945年首次出版。目前该作品以隗静秋（上海三联书店）和董乐山（上海译文出版社）和郝海龙（华中科技大学出版社）三位大师的译作均得到较多人的认可，各译本出版情况如下：

出版时间-出版社-译者

1977年，志文，孔繁雲

1989年，上海翻译出版公司，方元伟

2000年，上海人民出版社，张毅/高孝先

2000年，希代书版股份有限公司，黄友华

2001年，台版 崇文馆/华文网，胡庆生

2002年，中国致公出版社，刘子刚/许卉艳（英汉对照）

2003年，上海译文出版社，傅惟慈/董乐山（《1984》 《动物农场》）

2005年，中国妇女出版社，肖遥（插画本）

2005年，北京十月文艺出版社，傅惟慈

2007年，上海译文出版社，荣如德

2009年，上海三联书店，隗静秋

2010年，麥田出版，陳枻樵

2011年，哈尔滨出版，呼天琪（《1984》 《动物农场》）

千变万变，皆因人性使然；唯有不忘初心者，方得始终。 - -野望

《动物庄园》讲了一个令人震惊的人和动物，动物之间的故事。

故事开始于一个年迈的并且德高望重的老猪，他就像一个思想启蒙者那样，去世前开了一个思想启蒙的课，他告诉曼德庄园里的动物们，他们不应该继续被人类劳逸还冒着随时被宰杀的风险，我们应该要反抗，即便不成功，也要告诉后代不断地为此而努力。从此动物们的思想被打开了，有了这个思想的前提，动物们越发觉得庄园主琼斯的行为是多么的恶劣，他们反抗的情绪日益高涨，终于在某个时间节点，他们爆发了，把庄园主赶出了庄园。

这是故事的第一个转接点，接下来动物们遇到的问题是如何进行自我管理的问题。在这时，猪代表的高智慧的动物，就有了两个代表，一个是雪球，一个拿破仑。曼纳庄园改名为动物庄园，并且订下“七诫”从中提炼了一准则“四条腿好，两条腿坏”。于是一个全新的事物产生了，动物自己管理自己，人类其他庄园主听闻又惊恐又蔑视，惊恐同样的事发生在自己庄园，又蔑视动物们必定失败。但不安的人认为必须要阻止了，琼斯本来自赶出来是无所谓的，但是怕人耻笑，于是觉得必须要夺回自己的庄园，于是带着猎枪和棍棒和一群人去和动物们干上一场，动物们自从恢复自由后，他们的自尊更加强烈了，他们干活更加卖力不偷懒，为了捍卫他们的自由，他们奋不顾身地与人类搏斗，丝毫不惧枪与棍。最终再一次把琼斯赶跑了。

庄园恢复了平静，如何管理庄园又被提到面前，动物们发现，以前人在的时候提供了一些动物根本无法制造的东西，而这些东西维持着庄园的运转，于是雪球就说要建造风车来发电，他要他们过上富足的生活和每周三天的工作制。但是这个计划太遥远了，耗费的时间和力量太大了。而拿破仑觉得应该加强的是防御。动物们都觉得有道理都不知道该听谁的，在他们两个的发表主张的时候，明显雪球的劝说能力更强些，雪球的理想国景象引人入胜，就在这时几条猎狗冲出来把雪球赶下台，并且在后面穷追不舍，直到雪球被赶出庄园，于是故事第二个转折点就来了，擅长拉拢的拿破仑毫无疑问控制住了猎狗，使用暴力推倒了雪球，最后拿破仑就开始一点一点地开始掌控了庄园，他的手段和人类所做无异，像多数统治阶级那样，用谣言来迷惑人为他卖命，不断地给动物们洗脑，一切口号都是在禁锢动物们反抗的思维，最后的结局是动物越来越忘记他们本来的追求还原本的样子了，直到动物庄园又改回了曼纳庄园，拿破仑和猪们学会两条腿走路，和人类庄园主平起平坐。

故事中，每个动物都有其特点，但是处于群体之中，很容易被蒙蔽。故事中两个最鲜明的动物是驴子本杰明和草根拳师，驴子本杰明有智慧能看懂文字有自己的见解和思想，至始自终都清晰事情怎么发展的，他没有像其他动物一样被蒙蔽；草根的拳师，不聪明但性格坚毅、力量过人，在抵御外敌中身先士卒，奋起反抗，在劳动中，他起早贪黑卖命劳作，作为承担农场最多劳动量的动物，动物们无不对其由衷地钦佩，面对一切挫折和困难他只有两句口头禅—“我要更努力工作”和“拿破仑永远是正确的”；他的行动也在农场潜移默化影响着其他的动物。拿破仑猪自称自己比一切动物更有领导的才智，作为庄园独裁的他刻意制造集体恐怖记忆，每当遇到有其他动物不满时，就来一句：“你们要反对猪的领导吗？难道你们想琼斯回来吗？”其他动物就立马服服帖帖。

小说的结尾给我们展现了这样一幅情境：动物庄园笼罩着专治统治的阴霾，动物们食不果腹，精神萎靡，分辨不出人和猪，看不清楚“真实”与“虚假”，不会质疑思考，只会勤奋劳作。谢顿的心理史学有一条是这么说的，虽然人类学了那么多年的历史，但总结历史，人类从历史里学到的东西几乎为零。“同样的错误还是一直在犯，人群对同一刺激的反应不变。”正所谓物换星移，只有人心是不变的，民主这东西，永远都不可能赐予，只有意识到需要它，相关的制度才可能被建立。

《动画庄园》这本书很薄，但其折射出来的道理却不得不让人深思。

CHAPTER I

第一章

1、

MR JONES, of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the pop-holes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs Jones was already snoring.

故事发生在曼纳庄园里。这天晚上，庄园的主人琼斯先生说是已经锁好了鸡棚，但由于他喝得醉意十足，竟把里面的那些小门都忘了关上。他提着马灯踉踉跄跄地穿过院子，马灯光也跟着一直不停地晃来晃去，到了后门，他把靴子一脚一只踢了出去，又从洗碗间的酒桶里舀起最后一杯啤酒，一饮而尽，然后才上床休息。此时，床上的琼斯夫人已是鼾声如雷了。

2、

As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White boar, had had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr Jones was safely out of the way. Old Major (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Willingdon Beauty) was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say.

等那边庄主院卧室里的灯光一熄灭，整个庄园窝棚里就泛起一阵扑扑腾腾的骚动。还在白天的时候，庄园里就风传着一件事，说是老麦哲，就是得过“中等白鬃毛”奖的那头雄猪，在前一天晚上作了一个奇怪的梦，想要传达给其他动物。老麦哲（他一直被这样称呼，尽管他在参加展览时用的名字是“威灵顿美神”）在庄园了一直德高望重，所以动物们为了聆听他想要讲的事情，都十分乐意牺牲一小时的睡眠。当时，大家都已经同意，等琼斯先生完全走开后，他们就到大谷仓内集合。

3、

At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did it was usually to make some cynical remark -- for instance he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side and never speaking.

在大谷仓一头一个凸起的台子上，麦哲已经安稳地坐在草垫子上了，在他头顶上方的房梁上悬挂着一盏马灯。他已经十二岁了，近来长得有些发胖，但他依然仪表堂堂。尽管事实上他的犬牙从来没有割剪过，这也并不妨碍他面带着智慧和慈祥。不一会，动物们开始陆续赶来，并按各自不同的方式坐稳了。最先到来的是三条狗，布鲁拜尔、杰西和平彻，猪随后走进来，并立即坐在台子前面的稻草上。鸡栖在窗台上，鸽子扑腾上了房梁，羊和牛躺在猪身后并开始倒嚼起来。两匹套四轮货车的马，鲍克瑟和克拉弗，一块赶来，他们走进时走得很慢，每当他们在落下那巨大的毛乎乎的蹄子时，总是小心翼翼，生怕草堆里藏着什么小动物。克拉弗是一匹粗壮而慈爱的母马，接近中年。她在生了第四个小驹之后，体形再也没有能恢复原样。鲍克瑟身材高大，有近两米高的个头，强壮得赛过两匹普通马相加，不过，他脸上长了一道直到鼻子的白毛，多少显得有些戆相。实际上，他确实不怎么聪明，但他坚韧不拔的个性和干活时那股十足的劲头，使他赢得了普遍的尊敬。跟着马后面到的是白山羊穆丽尔，还有那头驴，本杰明。本杰明是庄园里年龄最老的动物，脾气也最糟，他沉默寡言，不开口则已，一开口就少不了说一些风凉话。譬如，他会说上帝给了他尾巴是为了驱赶苍蝇，但他却宁愿没有尾巴也没有苍蝇。庄园里的动物中，唯有他从来没有笑过，要问为什么，他会说他没有看见什么值得好笑的。然而他对鲍克瑟却是真诚相待，只不过没有公开承认罢了。通常，他俩总是一起在果园那边的小牧场上消磨星期天，肩并着肩，默默地吃草。

4、

The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings which had lost their mother filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr Jones’s trap, came mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying.

这两匹马刚躺下，一群失去了妈妈的小鸭子排成一溜进了大谷仓，吱吱喳喳，东张西望，想找一处不会被踩上的地方。克拉弗用她粗壮的前腿象墙一样地围住他们，小鸭子偎依在里面，很快就入睡了。莫丽来得很晚，这个愚蠢的家伙，长着一身白生生的毛，是一匹套琼斯先生座车的母马。她扭扭捏捏地走进来，一颠一颠地，嘴里还嚼着一块糖。她占了个靠前的位置，就开始抖动起她的白鬃毛，试图炫耀一番那些扎在鬃毛上的红饰带。猫是最后一个来的，她象往常一样，到处寻找最热乎的地方，最后在鲍克瑟和克拉弗当中挤了进去。在麦哲讲演时，她在那儿自始至终都得意地发出“咕咕噜噜”的声音，压根儿没听进麦哲讲的一个字。