中考英语基础词汇表人教版（中考英语三年纵深第三章）

第一节：介词的用法

（1）.什么是介词

介词是一种没有形态变化，不能单独使用，介于动词与名词或名词与名词之间的一种虚词。介词属于不变司，不能单独使用，必须带上宾语构成介词短语，或依附在不及物动词后面使用。英语不及物动词不能直接带宾语，必须加上适当的介词才能带宾语。介词短语可以在句子中充当状语，定语，表语和宾语补语。介词短语与短语介词是两个不同的概念，短语介词还是介词，须带上宾语才能构成介词短语。比如：such as是短语介词，而for example为介词短语。

（2）.介词的用法

1、位于动词后的介词

2、位于形容后的介词

3、位于名词之间的介词

（3）.介词的用法比较与区别

1.时间名词前介词的用法区别：

2. by、in与with表示方式的用法区别

by、in与with都可以带上宾语做方式状语，,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)

3. except与besides的区别

except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……还……”。如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)

（4）.介词的用法强化练习

1.基础练习题(多项选择)

1．—How can we protect ourselves _______ the earthquake?

—We should stay calm first.

A. with B. about C. for D. from

2. We’ll play basketball _______ Class 3 tomorrow.

A. over B. against C. to D. for

3.—A person’s life is like a road lots of difficulties.

—Yes, so we need positive energy.

A. by B. with C. along D. during

4. Mother’s Day is _______ the second Sunday in May in the United States.

A. on B. in C. at D. by

5. You see, Kevin is writing ______ his left hand.

A. at B. as C. for D. with

6. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened ______ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year.

A. on B. at C. in D. to

7.—She sold her treasures to cure her mother’s illness, even though it was _____ her own wishes.

—It’s so kind _____ her.

A. against; of B. above; of C. on; for D. for; for

8.—This problem is far ______ me, I’m afraid I can’t work it out.

—Don’t worry, we will help you.

A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between

9. Welcome to our hotel! I hope you’ll have a good time ____ your stay here.

A. after B. during C. with D. since

10.______ the exam, we’ll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.

A. In B. For C. After D. Through

11.—What time do you usually go to school, Jack?

—_______ about half past seven.

A. On B. In C. At D. For

12.—What would you like _______ your afternoon tea？

—Just a cup of coffee _______ some sugar and milk.

A. of; with B. of; without C. for; with D. for; without

13. Meimei is a beautiful girl _______ big eyes and dark hair.

A. in B. on C. at D. with

14. On May 10th, a horse was found running happily _______ the busy street in Beijing.

A. at B. of C. in D. from

15. The castle stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the river.

A. to B. for C. off D. out

16. Mom always tells me that nothing can be learned ______ hard work.

A. with B. by C. for D. without

17. Some workers in that factory have to work _______ night.

A. at B. for C. with D. among

18. We’re leaving tomorrow. We will be away _______ next Friday.

A. from B. until C. on D. since

19. A ship from South Korea sank into the sea _______ April 16, 2014.

A. in B. on C. at D. for

20.—How soon will his father come back from London?

—_______ a week.

A. Since B. In C. At D. On

2.提升练习题(用适当的介词填空)

1. Can you tell me the difference （） the two words.

2. The monkey（） the tree was eating the bananas（）the tree.

3. You can go there（） my car.

4. Sports and games are good（）your health.

5. （）all the subjects , he is best （） English .

6. Tom! You are wanted （） the phone.

7. As you can see, the bridge is made（） stone.

8. He suddenly returned （） a rainy night.

9. I’m sorry; I took your umbrella （） mistake.

10. Can you give me some advice （） how I can improve my English.

11. You look pale. What’s wrong（） you?

12. This village is well-known （） its beautiful sights.

key:1、 between2、in; on3、in4、for5、Of; at6、on7、of8、on9、by10、on

11、with12、for

第二节：冠词的用法

（1）.什么是冠词

冠词的冠字有两种读音，一是读一声是帽子的意思，意思是英语所有名词在句中使用时必须带上一定的帽子来区别名词的类别，二是读四声是第一的意思，意思是冠词排在名词或名词短语的最前面。冠词也是一种虚词，不能单独使用，须跟名词一起使用。冠词可以分为定冠词（the），不定冠词（a, an）与零冠词三类。

（2）.冠词的基本用法

冠词是名词的帽子，对名词起限定或标记作用，因此，冠词的基本用法取决于冠词后面的名词。英语名词有专有名词与普通名词之分，普通名词又可以分为具体名词与抽象名词。一般来讲，专有名词与抽象名词用零冠词，具体名词则根据具体情况用定冠词或不定冠词，指定的具体名词用定冠词，非指定的具体名词用不定冠词。但英语名词的分类不是绝对的，名词在实际使用中，专有名词可以普通化，具体名词可以抽象化，抽象名词也可以具体化。冠词的基本用法如下表：

1、专有名词的冠词的使用

2、具体名词的冠词的使用

3、抽象名词的冠词的使用

（3）.冠的特殊用法

1. 定冠词用于形容词或分词前

在形容词或分词前加定冠词相当于名词，表示具有形容词性质一类的人或事物。例如：the rich富人, the poor穷人, the young年青人, the old 老年人, the following下面的, the wounded伤员。

2. 定冠词用于形容词或副词前构成固定句式

“the more…… the more ……”,句型，表示越……，越……。例如：The higher the mountain is, the thinner the air becomes. The harder you work the greater progress you will make.

3. 不定冠词用于表计量单位的名词前

不定冠词用于表计量单位的名词前表示每一的意思。例如：Take this medicine three times a day. The fish cost two dollars a kilogram.

4. 冠词用于固定短语中

在固定短语中有用定冠词的，有用不定冠词的，也有用零冠词的。用定冠司的短语例如：in the end, at the moment, on the left, on the right, at the same time, by the way, at the same time, in the morning, in the afternoon, the same as, with the help of , the number of(….的数量) 。用不定冠词的例如：a number of（许多） , in a hurry, catch a cold, make a living, as a result, in a word, have a word with, a lot of , once upon a time , in a way。用零冠词的例如：on business, on duty, in fact, on foot, at present, in public, on show, on time, in time, make fun of, at night, in danger, from time to time, for example, take part in , take pride in, day by day, in person, in trouble, make sense.

（4）.冠词用法强化习题

1.基础练习题（多项选择）

1. Lee Min-ho is ________ actor from South Korea. He sang ________ Chinese pop song on the 2014 CCTV New Year’s Gala.

A. the；an B. /; the C. an；a D. a; /

2. Let’s take ______ photo! Everyone, cheese!

A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

3.—Look! There is a monkey eating ________ apple in the tree.

—En, ________ monkey is very cute.

A. a; a B. a; the C. an; an D. an; the

4.—Have you seen ________ film Where are We Going, Dad?

—Yes, it’s ________ interesting film!

A. a; the B. the; an C. a; an D. the; the

5.—How was _______dinner at Mike’s house?

—It was great. Mike’s mum is _______ wonderful cook.

A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; an

6.—What _______ heavy rain it was!

—Yes, but I love _______ air after it rains. It smells so fresh.

A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a

7. Joplin is _______ famous singer. She has a lot of fans.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

8. My cousin went abroad at _____ age of eighteen.

A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

9.I think English is ______ useful language, and it’s also ______ important language.

A. an, a B. a, an C. an, the D. a, the

10.— Why did you laugh just now？

—Ted wanted to tell us ______ very funny story, but he forgot ______ ending himself.

A. a; an B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the

11. “If you stop dropping litter, I’ll kiss pig.” The head teacher promised the students at a school meeting.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

12.If we sit by window of the train, we'll have better view.

A. /; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the

13.—Mary, who’s ______ woman over there?

—She’s my aunt, ______ English teacher.

A. the; the B. a; the C. the; an D. a; an

14.I had ______ unusual day on my last school trip.

A. a B. an C. / D. the

15.—What’s ______ matter with you?

—I have _______ toothache.

A. a; the B. the; / C. /; a D. the; a

2.提升练习题（用适当的冠词填空）

Bob was born in 1 big and rich family. His father is 2 university professor. He

teaches 3 American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is 4 manager

of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and 5

brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in 6 middle school. His

younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in 7 private primary school. She has a very

good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started

going to 8 school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only

with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother.He is, in 9 word, 10 apple in

their eyes.

key:

1. a 2. a 3. 不填 4. the 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. 9. a 10. an

,