动物园看大象英语（英读廊别盯着我）

Why do most animals hate eye contact/eye locking?【译】为什么大多数动物讨厌眼睛接触/眼神锁定？【单词】animals 原型：animal ['an-uh-muhl]['ænɪml] n. 动物【单词】hate [heyt][heɪt] v. 憎恨；厌恶；讨厌【单词】locking 原型：lock [lok][lɒk] v. 固定；锁(住)；抓牢

Even we humans feel uncomfortable and awkward, why is this?【译】即使是我们人类也会感到不舒服和尴尬，为什么会这样？【单词】uncomfortable [uhn-'kuhmf-tuh-buhl][ʌn'kʌmftəbl] adj. 不舒服的；不自在的【单词】awkward ['awk-werd]['ɔːkwəd] adj. 尴尬的；笨拙的；（设计）别扭的

It induces stress.【译】它会引起压力。【单词】induces 原型：induce [in-'doos, -'dyoos][ɪn'djuːs] vt. 引起；促使；劝服；引诱【单词】stress [stres][stres] n. 压力；强调；重音

Animals don't always hate eye contact, though.【译】不过，动物并不总是讨厌眼神交流。

Although looking an unfamiliar dog in the eye will prompt aggression, when a dog makes eye contact with their owner, they get a release of oxytocin and dopamine in the brain.【译】尽管直视一只不熟悉的狗的眼睛会激发其攻击性，但当狗与主人目光接触时，它们会在大脑中释放催产素和多巴胺。【单词】unfamiliar [uhn-fuh-'mil-yer][ˌʌnfə'mɪliə] adj. 不熟悉的【单词】prompt [prompt][prɒmpt] vt. 激起；促进；推动【单词】aggression [uh-'gresh-uhn][ə'ɡreʃn] n. 进攻；侵犯；侵害【单词】owner ['oh-ner]['əʊnə] n. 主人，所有人；物主【单词】release [ri-'lees][rɪ'liːs] n. 释放【单词】oxytocin [ok-si-'toh-suhn][ˌɒksɪ'təʊsɪn] n. 催产素（脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙之一种）【单词】dopamine ['doh-puh-meen]['dəʊpəmiːn] n. 多巴胺(一种治脑神经病的药物)【单词】brain [breyn][breɪn] n. 脑；智力

Most mammals have a facial recognition process that at least resembles our own.【译】大多数哺乳动物的面部识别过程至少和我们自己的相似。【短语】at least 至少；例句：At least, I asked him not to. 至少，我告诉过他不要这样做。【单词】mammals 原型：mammal ['mam-uhl]['mæml] n. 哺乳动物【单词】facial ['fey-shuhl]['feɪʃl] adj. 脸部的；面部的【单词】recognition [rek-uhg-'nish-uhn][ˌrekəɡ'nɪʃn] n. 承认；认出【单词】resembles 原型：resemble [ri-'zem-buhl][rɪ'zembl] v. 与…相似；像

When they see a face they recognize, the brain says "friend," and they feel safe.【译】当它们看到一张认识的脸时，大脑会说“是朋友”，它们就会感到安全。【单词】recognize ['rek-uhg-nahyz]['rekəɡnaɪz] vt. 承认；认出；意识到；识别【单词】safe [seyf][seɪf] adj. 安全的；安然无恙的；可靠的

When they see a face they don't recognize, the brain says "stranger," and they feel threatened.【译】当看到一张不认识的脸时，大脑会说“陌生人”，它们就会感到受到威胁。【单词】stranger 原型：strange [streynj][streɪndʒ] adj. 奇怪的；陌生的；生疏或不自在的【单词】threatened 原型：threaten ['thret-n]['θretn] v. 威胁；恐吓

The longer you hold their gaze, the more stressed they get, and the only way they can resolve that stress is fighting or fleeing.【译】你盯着它们看的时间越长，它们承受的压力就越大，它们解决压力的唯一方法就是战斗或逃跑。【固定用法】the more..., the more ..., 越...，就越...；注意这里的more可以是形容词或副词的比较级；例句：The more he eats, the fatter he gets. 他吃得越多，人越发胖。The more of the masses we unite with, the better. 我们联合起来的群众越多，就越有利。【单词】gaze [geyz][ɡeɪz] vi. 凝视 n. 凝视【单词】resolve [ri-'zolv][rɪ'zɒlv] vt. 解决；决定；表决；分解【单词】fighting 原型：fight [fahyt][faɪt] vt. 打架；对抗 vi. 奋斗；斗争；争吵【单词】fleeing 原型：flee [flee][fliː] vi. 逃走；消失；逃避；(时间)飞逝 vt. 逃离

In addition, the more social a species is, the less likely they are to take eye contact as a sign of aggression.【译】此外，一个物种的社会性越强，他们就越不可能把目光接触当作侵略的标志。【短语】in addition 另外，此外。例句：In addition, we buy you a medical insurance. 除此而外，我们给你买医疗保险。【单词】social ['soh-shuhl]['səʊʃl] adj. 社会的；社会阶层的；群居的；社交的；好交际的；合群的【单词】species ['spee-sheez, -seez]['spiːʃiːz] n. 种类；（单复同）物种【单词】sign [sahyn][saɪn] n. 手势；招牌；符号；迹象

Take as an example our two closest evolutionary cousins: chimpanzees and bonobos.【译】以我们两个最接近进化的近亲为例：黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩。【单词】evolutionary [ev-uh-'loo-shuh-ner-ee][ˌiːvə'luːʃənri] adj. 进化的；发展的；演变的【单词】cousins 原型：cousin ['kuhz-uh n]['kʌzn] n. 堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹)【单词】chimpanzees 原型：chimpanzee [chim-pan-'zee][ˌtʃɪmpæn'ziː] n. 黑猩猩

【单词】bonobo [buh-'noh-boh][bɒ'nəʊbəʊ] 倭黑猩猩

Chimps form strong social bonds within their immediate family, and weak ones with the wider tribal structure.【译】黑猩猩在他们的直系亲属中形成了强大的社会纽带，而弱小的黑猩猩则与更广泛的部落结构形成了联系。【单词】Chimps 原型：chimp [chimp][tʃɪmp] n. (非洲)黑猩猩 =chimpanzee.【单词】bonds 原型：bond [bond][bɒnd] n.结合；协定；联系；情谊；黏合剂【单词】immediate [ih-'mee-dee-it][ɪ'miːdiət] adj. 直接的；最接近的；立即的；目前的【单词】weak [week][wiːk] adj. 弱的；虚弱的；无力的；差的；淡薄的【单词】tribal ['trahy-buhl]['traɪbl] adj. 部落的

Family members usually enjoy, or at least tolerate, eye contact, but if two chimps aren't closely bonded, eye contact will upset them to the point of extreme violence.【译】家庭成员通常喜欢或至少容忍眼神交流，但如果两只黑猩猩没有紧密联系，眼神交流会让它们心烦意乱到极端暴力的地步。【单词】enjoy [en-'joi][ɪn'dʒɔɪ] v. 享受；喜欢【单词】tolerate ['tol-uh-reyt]['tɒləreɪt] vt. 容许；忍受；容忍【单词】closely ['kləʊsli] adv. 紧密地；接近地；严密地；亲近地【单词】bonded 原型：bond [bond][bɒnd] vt. 使结合；为 ... 作保 vi. 连结；粘合【单词】upset [uhp-'set][ʌp'set] v. 打乱；使心烦【单词】extreme [ik-'streem][ɪk'striːm] adj. 极度的；极端的【单词】violence ['vahy-uh-luhns]['vaɪələns] n. 猛烈；暴力；暴行

Bonobos are much more sociable, forming tight bonds with one another constantly and practically at random.【译】倭黑猩猩更善于交际，经常和几乎随机的彼此形成紧密的联系。【单词】sociable ['soh-shuh-buhl]['səʊʃəbl] adj. 好交际的；社交的【单词】tight [tahyt][taɪt] adj. 紧的；紧身的；密集的；拮据的【单词】constantly ['kon-stuhnt]['kɒnstəntli] adv. 不断地；经常地【单词】practically ['prak-tik-lee]['præktɪkli] adv. 实际上；几乎；简直【单词】random ['ran-duhm]['rændəm] adj. 任意的；随机的；随意的 n. 随意；任意 adv. 随机地

Their eye contact is more enjoyable, and even when it induces stress, most bonobo societies dispel that stress through sexual activity, rather than ripping eachother to pieces.【译】他们的眼神交流更令人愉快，甚至当它引起压力时，大多数倭黑猩猩社会通过性行为来消除这种压力，而不是把对方撕成碎片。【短语】rather than ... 而不是..., 宁可…也不愿...；例句：It is better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up. 生气宁可发泄出来而不要闷在肚内。【单词】enjoyable [en-'joi-uh-buhl][ɪn'dʒɔɪəbl] adj. 有趣的；愉快的【单词】dispel [dih-'spel][dɪ'spel] v. 驱散；消除【单词】sexual ['sek-shoo-uhl]['sekʃuəl] adj. 性的；性欲的；有性生殖的；性别的【单词】ripping 原型：rip [rip][rɪp] v. 撕裂；扯开

It's a dominance thing.【译】这是一种关于支配倾向的东西。【单词】dominance ['dom-uh-nuhns]['dɒmɪnəns] n. 支配；控制；统治；优势；【生】优势度，显性

If you lock eyes, it is taken as a challenge/threat.【译】如果你闭上眼睛，就会被视为一种挑战/威胁。

Dogs often avoid it because they recognize in some way, we are their owner.【译】狗经常回避它，因为它们在某种程度上认识到，我们是它们的主人。【单词】avoid [uh-'void][ə'vɔɪd] vt. 避免；逃避

That's also, why you AREN'T supposed to stare down a gorilla, because then they try to punch your face in.【译】这也是为什么你不应该盯着一只大猩猩，因为它会试图打你的脸。【单词】supposed 原型：suppose [suh-'pohz][sə'pəʊz] vt. 假设；假定；认为；想；应该；让(虚拟语气) 【单词】stare [stair][steə] v. 盯着看；凝视【单词】gorilla [guh-'ril-uh][ɡə'rɪlə] n. 大猩猩【单词】punch [puhnch][pʌntʃ] vt. 按(键)；以拳重击；开洞

Predators lock eyes on their preys.【译】捕食者会盯着猎物。【单词】Predators 原型：predator ['pred-uh-ter, -tawr]['predətə] n. 食肉动物；掠夺者；（动物的）捕食性天敌【单词】preys [prey][preɪ] n. 牺牲者；被掠食者，猎物

Preys just look around for threats.【译】猎物只是四处寻找威胁。【单词】threats 原型：threat [thret][θret] n. 威胁；恐吓；凶兆

So most animals don't like someone staring straight to them for long.【译】所以大多数动物不喜欢有人盯着它们看太久。【单词】staring 原型：stare [stair][steə] v. 盯着看；凝视【单词】straight [streyt][streɪt] adj. 直的；连续的 adv. 直接；坦率地；连续不断地