欧洲电动汽车的发展现状与趋势（循环利用怎样帮助不断增长的电动汽车市场）

大家好，我是轩奔奔，将于6月份参加英语六级考试，在此推送每日双语阅读，督促自己的同时也希望大家可以提升英语阅读能力英文文章摘自51VOA英语新闻，翻译是自己翻译的，有不正确的地方还请批评指正，感谢❤，我来为大家讲解一下关于欧洲电动汽车的发展现状与趋势?跟着小编一起来看一看吧!

欧洲电动汽车的发展现状与趋势

大家好，我是轩奔奔，将于6月份参加英语六级考试，在此推送每日双语阅读，督促自己的同时也希望大家可以提升英语阅读能力。英文文章摘自51VOA英语新闻，翻译是自己翻译的，有不正确的地方还请批评指正，感谢❤

How Recycling Can Help the Growing Electric Vehicle Market循环利用怎样帮助不断增长的电动汽车市场

Editor's note: This story is the third in a three-part series that explores the main issues surrounding electric vehicle technologies.

编者按：这个故事是三个部分的第三部分，围绕电动汽车技术系列的主要问题进行探讨。

Major carmakers are looking to expand the production and sales of electric vehicles (EVs) in the coming years. They are also seeking new ways to reuse batteries to cut costs and protect the environment.

主要汽车制造商正寻求在未来几年扩大电动汽车(EVs)的生产和销售。他们还在寻找新的电池再利用方法，以降低成本和保护环境。

Lithium-ion batteries are used to power most EVs. Manufacturers guarantee their batteries for eight to 10 years. Currently, few batteries are recycled, meaning their materials are reused. Current recycling processes are difficult and costly.

锂离子电动电池被用于为大多数电动汽车供电。制造商保证他们的电池可以使用8到10年。目前，很少有电池被回收，这意味着他们的材料被再用，目前的回收过程是很困难和昂贵的。

Among the necessary materials used to make lithium-ion batteries are lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and manganese. Better recycling methods could help solve problems related to the limited availability and rising costs of these materials.

制造锂离子电池所需的材料有锂、钴、镍、石墨和锰。更好的回收方法可以帮助解决与这些材料有限的可用性和成本上升有关的问题。

Most recycling methods under development involve breaking the batteries down into smaller pieces. Then, different processes are used to separate the metallic elements. The goal is to reuse as much material as possible.

大多数正在开发的回收方法都是将电池分解成更小的小块。然后，用不同的工艺来分离金属元素。其目标是尽可能多地重用材料。

The International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report about the development of the EV market in 2020. The IEA noted that in most cases, the main elements of end-of-life EV battery systems can be repurposed, or used in a new way.

国际能源机构(IEA)发布了一份关于2020年电动汽车市场发展的报告。国际能源署指出，在大多数情况下，报废电动汽车电池系统的主要要素可以被重新利用，或以一种新的方式使用。

In addition, the IEA said used batteries that still hold between 70 to 80 percent of their power capacity could be reused for "less demanding stationary storage." This could include using old EV batteries to store power for a main electricity system, known as a grid. The report suggests recycled batteries also could be linked with systems producing electricity from wind or the sun.

此外，国际能源署表示，仍然容量70%到80%的旧电池可以重复用于“要求更低的固定存储”。这可能包括使用旧的电动汽车电池来为一个被称为电网的主要电力系统储存电力。该报告指出，可回收的电池也可能与利用风或太阳发电的系统有关。

British researchers have experimented with methods that could fully recycle main electric battery parts such as the cathode and anode.

英国的研究人员已经试验了一种可以完全回收主要电池部件，如阴极和阳极的方法。

One method uses ultrasonic waves to recycle these important elements without having to break them apart. Other researchers have studied a process called hydrometallurgy. It uses liquids and chemicals to remove lithium and other elements from used batteries for use in new ones.

一种方法是利用超声波来回收这些重要的元素，而不必将它们分解。其他研究人员已经研究了一种叫做湿法冶金术的过程。它使用液体和化学物质从旧电池中去除锂和其他元素，用于新电池。

One of the main American businesses aiming to make EV battery recycling profitable is Nevada-based Redwood Materials. The company was started in 2019 by J.B. Straubel. He helped launch American carmaker Tesla along with its chief Elon Musk.

目标使电动汽车电池回收业务盈利的美国主要企业之一是总部位于内华达州的红木材料公司。该公司由J.B.斯特劳贝尔于2019年创立。他帮助推出了美国汽车制造商特斯拉及其首席执行官埃隆·马斯克。

Redwood seeks to recycle the most common EV battery materials. The company's methods include hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, which uses high heat to separate the metals.

红木寻求回收最常见的电动汽车电池材料。该公司的方法包括湿法冶金和热冶术，利用高温分离金属。

The company already holds supply contracts with American carmaker Ford and Japanese electronics manufacturer Panasonic, which produces batteries for Tesla. Ford announced last September it was investing $50 million in Redwood.

该公司已经与美国汽车制造商福特和为特斯拉生产电池的日本电子产品制造商松下签订了供应合同。福特去年9月宣布将向红木投资5000万美元。

Straubel told The Associated Press that his company is not yet profitable because it is still heavily investing in operations and technology. But he noted that the recycling processes Redwood uses are currently profitable. "There's really quite a hunger for these materials," Straubel said.

斯特劳贝尔告诉美联社，他的公司还没有盈利，因为它仍在大量投资于运营和技术。但他指出，红木使用的回收工艺目前是有利可图的。”人们真的非常渴望得到这些材料，”斯特劳贝尔说。

He added that the metals used in EV batteries can be effectively recycled many times. "We don't see any degradation in the performance of those metals. They actually tend to get more pure as we go through additional cycles of manufacturing and refining," he said.

他补充说，电动汽车电池中使用的金属可以多次有效地回收利用。”我们没有看到这些金属的性能有任何下降。随着我们经过制造和精炼的额外循环，它们实际上往往会变得更加纯净。”

Another company, Canada's Li-Cycle, uses hydrometallurgical methods. It has opened several new processing centers in recent years and has plans to launch more. Li-Cycle says on its website its newest centers will have the capacity to recycle up to 10,000 tons of lithium-ion batteries per year.

另一家公司，加拿大的Li-Cycle，使用湿法冶金的方法。近年来，它已经开设了几个新的加工中心，并计划推出更多的产品。Li-Cycle在其网站上表示，其最新的锂离子电池中心每年将有能力回收多达1万吨的锂离子电池。

American Manganese is another Canadian company using hydrometallurgical recycling methods. It claims its processes can remove and recycle up to 99 percent of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from used EV batteries. The company plans to open a "demonstration plant" in Vancouver this year that aims to process about 500 kilograms of lithium-ion battery waste every day.

美国锰公司是另一家使用湿法冶金回收方法的加拿大公司。该公司声称，该工艺可以去除和回收二手电动汽车电池中高达99%的锂、钴、镍和锰。该公司计划今年在温哥华开设一个“示范工厂”，目标是每天处理约500公斤的锂离子电池废料。

今日份阅读结束，在评论区打下“17”和我一起坚持打卡阅读吧❤

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