生物化学糖酵解的生理意义（干货知识点总结）

1. Glucose is phosphorylated twice to make a 6C sugar phosphate. 2 ATPs are used to supply the P groups. This makes the glucose more reactive and so... 葡萄糖经过两次磷酸化，形成6C的磷酸糖。2个ATP被用来提供P基团。这使得葡萄糖更有活性，所以...
2. The 6C sugar phosphate breaks down to form 2, 3-carbon sugar phosphates, called triose phosphates (TP). 6C磷酸糖分解形成2个3碳的磷酸糖，称为磷酸三糖（TP）。
3. Hydrogen is removed from each of the 2 TP molecules. The hydrogens are passed to 2 NADs (the NADs are reduced). 2 ATPs are made directly from the conversion of each TP to pyruvic acid (written shorthand as PA or called pyruvate) as the phosphate groups are removed. 氢从2个TP分子中的每个分子中被移除。这些氢被传递给2个NADs（NADs被还原）。当磷酸盐基团被移除时，2个ATP直接从每个TP转化为丙酮酸（简写为PA或称为丙酮酸）。

Net Gain 净收益 = 2 ATP and 2 NADH H

This stage occurres in the cytoplasm. The next stage occurs in the mitochondria. From here, the reaction will only proceed if oxygen is available.

这个阶段发生在细胞质中。下一个阶段发生在线粒体中。从这里开始，只有当氧气可用时，该反应才会进行。

1. The PA molecules enter the mitochondrion. PA分子进入线粒体。
2. CO2 and hydrogen are removed from each PA to create 2 2-C molecules. The hydrogen is transferred to NAD 二氧化碳和氢气从每个PA中被移除，形成2个2-C分子。氢被转移到NAD
3. The 2-C molecule is then combined with coenzyme A (CoA) to form the 2C compound, acetylCoA. (CoA is a vitamin derivative which acts as a transporter of the 'acetate' psrt left from the PA molecule) 然后2-C分子与辅酶A（CoA）结合，形成2C化合物，乙酰CoA。(CoA是一种维生素衍生物，作为PA分子留下的 "乙酸 "psrt的转运器)