考研英语二前缀讲解(考研英语语法基础)

►动名词的逻辑主语

动名词的逻辑主语,表明动名词动作的发出者。能作动名词逻辑主语的词类有:物主代词、名词所有格(即名词所加“’s”,复数名词后以“s”结尾的,在其后加“’”)、名词通格(主格)或人称代词宾格。

例句: Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen. (1997年第2题)

分析: 该句是简单句。nowhere置于句首引起倒装,owing to...在句中作状语。

译文: 自然界中的任何地方都找不到游离态的铝,因为它总是与其他元素,即最常见的是氧元素结合在一起。

注意:

(1) 当逻辑主语是无生命名词或较长名词词组时,通常用名词通格(即主格)。

例句: anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.(1999年第1题)

分析: 该句是复合句。其中动名词的复合结构economic recovery being just around the corner在句中作介词about的宾语,economic recovery作动名词being的逻辑主语,介词短语with half an eye on the unemployment figures作定语修饰anyone。

译文: 任何人只要一看这些失业数据便知关于经济复苏即将来临的言论是不正确的。

例句: I don’t like Jack and Tom speaking ill of each other in public places.

分析: 该句是简单句。Jack and Tom作speaking ill的逻辑主语。

►动名词的否定形式

动名词的否定形式与分词否定形式一样,由动名词前加not构成。

例句: She always has dozens of excellent excuses for not being able to help you.

分析: 该句是简单句。not being able to help you是动名词的否定形式。

译文: 对于未能帮助你,她总是有太多借口。

例句: She is considering not asking her mother to send her to the airport.

分析: 该句是简单句。not asking...作considering的宾语。

译文: 她正在考虑不让母亲送她去机场。

►常接动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语

常见动词:

admit, advise, avoid, appreciate, acknowledge, allow, anticipate, consider, complete, contemplate(预期、企图),defer, delay, deny, detest(厌恶), dread, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, endure, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, facilitate(促进), imagine, include, miss, mind, mention, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, quit, recall, resent(怨恨), resist, risk, suggest, understand

动词短语:

can’t help, give up, leave off(停止), look forward to, object to, put off, succeed in, aim at, insist on, persist in, stick to, be good at, do well in, depend on, feel like, be tired(afraid/capable) of, accustomed to, agree to, confess to(承认), submit to, see to, be(get/become) used to, devote oneself to, prefer...to, adapt(adjust) to, apply to

例句: Some bosses dislike allowing people to share their responsibilities; they keep all important matters tightly in their own hands. (1996年第13题)

分析: 该句是并列句。其中短语keep sth. in hand意为“把……控制在手中”。

译文: 有些老板不喜欢让别人分担其职责,他们严格控制着所有的重要事务。

例句: When I consider how talented he is as a painter,I cannot help believing that the public will appreciate his gift.

分析: 该句是复合句。how talented he is as a painter与that the public will appreciate his gift 在句中分别作consider以及believing的宾语。

译文: 当我考虑到他作为一个画家所具有的杰出才能时,我禁不住相信公众也会赞赏他的天赋。

考研英语二前缀讲解(考研英语语法基础)(1)

►动词need等后接的动名词

动词need, want, require, deserve, worth, like(想要), bear后接动名词主动式表示被动概念,除bear外,这些动词也可接不定式的被动式。

例句: Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just hypothetical and needs proving(to be proved). (2001年第29题)

分析: 该句是复合句。其中whoever表示“无论是谁”,引导让步状语从句。

译文: 无论宇宙起源理论的创立者是谁,那都是假说,尚待考证。

例句: As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something worth researching into(to be researched into).

分析: 该句是复合句。worth researching into作后置定语修饰something。

译文: 正如你导师所建议的,你应该把时间花在值得研究的问题上。

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