those和these的用法总结（thelast的两个最实用的用法）
1. the last 时间段，表示从现在（说话时）算起往前推的这段时间，常常与完成时态连用。该结构中的介词可以是 in, for, during, over, within 等，有时也可省去。其中的“一段时间” 可以是 two hours, four weeks, a few months, ten years 等，但若是 one week, one month, one year 等单数形式，则应省去one。
如：
For the last 20 years, I have been an unquestioning supporter of comprehensive schools.
在过去的20年中，我一直都是综合性学校的坚决支持者。
Working conditions have changed measurably in the last ten years.
十年来，工作环境有了明显的改变。
Cases of food poisoning have trebled in the last two years.
在过去的两年里，食物中毒事件增加了两倍。
Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade.
这一领域的技术经过过去十年的发展已经相当完善。
The last three months have been hell.
过去的三个月真受罪。
The number of unemployed people in Poland has grown by more than a quarter in the last month
上个月（到目前的一个月时间内），波兰的失业人数增长超过了1/4。
He’s lived here for the last few years.最近几年他住在这里。
My wife’s been in Europe for the last ten months.
最近10个月我妻子在欧洲。
It shows what happened to the forests of the USA in the last 350 years.
它表明在最近350年来美国森林所发生的情况。In the last few years, this art has made a big leap.
近几年来，这一艺术有了新的跃进。
Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade.
这一领域的技术经过过去十年的发展已经相当完善。
The last couple of years have been difficult.
最近的几年一直是困难重重。
He had always looked so young, but he seemed to have aged in the last few months
他原来一直看起来很年轻，但最近几个月他显得老了。
She's had a really tough time the last year and a half
这一年半以来，她度过了一段非常艰难的时期。
I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。
We’ve been having bad weather these last few weeks. 这几周来天气一直不好。
My business has decreased during the last two months. 最近两个月内，我的生意减少了。
在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。如：
In the past two years I had seen him little. 在过去两年里，我很少见到他。
2. the last 人或物，一般表示：最后的，但是也可以表示：最不可能的，最不适合的，最不希望的,如：
The last thing I wanted was to upset you.
我最不希望做的事就是惹你不高兴。
The last thing she needed was more work.
她最不需要的就是更多的工作。
He's the last person I'd trust with a secret.
我要是有什么秘密，告诉谁也不能告诉他。
He is the last person to tell a lie.
他是最不可能说谎的人。
She’s the last person to trust with a secret.
她是最不可能保密的人。
He would be the last man to say such things.
他绝不会说这话。
She should be the last one to blame.
她绝不应当受责备。
He would be the last person who would do such a thing.
他最不可能干这种事情。
He is the last man I want to see.
他是我最不想见的人。
I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from ．
我肯定他最不想接受的就是我的帮助。
高考真题- 2016 全国3卷 完形填空
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