性别偏见应该存在吗（性别偏见在生活中随处可见）

As in many other fields, gender bias pervades the sciences.

就像在其他许多领域一样，性别偏见在科学领域也随处可见。

Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring, and have better odds of being hired.

男性的起薪更高，有更多指导，被雇用的机会也更大。

Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM fields.

研究表明，在STEM (科学、技术、工程和数学教育)领域，他们也被认为比女性更有能力。

And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.

新研究表明，男性也更有可能收到优秀的推荐信。

"Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had."

“你知道，这是我遇到的最好的学生。”

Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus.

哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特校区的社会科学家和多样性官员库赫里杜特说。

Compare those excellent letters, she says, to a merely good letter:

相比那些优秀的申请信，仅仅是优秀的申请信:

"The candidate was productive, or nelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,"

她表示“候选人或高效，或聪明，或是可靠的科学家，或其他明显可靠的赞扬，”

but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.

但是，没有什么能把候选人单独列为特殊或任一一种。

Dutt and her cllagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoc positions in geoscience.

杜特和她的同事研究了100多封地球科学博士后职位的推荐信。

They were all redacted for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the sex of the student.

它们都是根据性别和其他识别信息进行编辑,所以,杜特和她的团队可以在不知道学生性别的情况下给他们打分。

They found that female applicants were only half as likely to snag superlative letters, compared to their male counterparts.

他们发现，与男性申请者相比,女性申请者获得A的可能性只有男性申请者的一半。

That includes letters of rec from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women.

其中包括来自世界各地男性和女性的推荐信。

The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.

研究结果发表于杂志《自然地球科学》。

Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the archival data.

杜特表示，他们无法利用档案数据评估申请人的实际科学资格。

But she says the resuts stil suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of rec.

但她表示，研究结果仍表明，在地学, 女性从职业生涯的一开始就处于潜在的劣势,从那些不太出色的推荐信开始。

"We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist or something like that.

“我们并不是试图指责或批评任何人， 或称任何人有意识地性别歧视，或类似的事情。

Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level."

相反,重点是要利用这项研究的结果，在部门、机构甚至学科层面上，就隐性性别偏见展开有意义的对话。”

Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.

这可能会给申请人提供一些建议。